Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-0044, United States.
Clin Psychol Rev. 2012 Jul;32(5):359-69. doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2012.03.002. Epub 2012 Mar 27.
Maladaptive cognitive processes, including selective attention and memory, distorted beliefs and interpretations, and thinking processes such as rumination and thought suppression, are strongly associated with many emotional disorders. This paper reviews research that extends these findings to the emotional dysfunction characteristic of borderline personality disorder (BPD). Results suggest that people with BPD habitually attend to negative stimuli, have disproportionate access to negative memories, endorse a range of BPD-consistent negative beliefs about themselves, the world, and other people, and make negatively biased interpretations and evaluations of neutral or ambiguous stimuli. They also engage in thought suppression and rumination and these tendencies are significantly associated with the severity of their BPD symptoms. It remains unclear whether maladaptive cognitive processes play a causal role in the development and maintenance of BPD or are correlates or consequences of having the disorder. Continued study of emotion-related cognitive processing in BPD may improve understanding and treatment of this severe disorder.
适应不良的认知过程，包括选择性注意和记忆、歪曲的信念和解释，以及沉思和思维抑制等思维过程，与许多情绪障碍密切相关。本文综述了将这些发现扩展到边缘型人格障碍（BPD）特征性情绪功能障碍的研究。结果表明，BPD 患者习惯性地注意负面刺激，对负面记忆的获取不成比例，对自己、世界和他人有一系列与 BPD 一致的负面信念，对中性或模棱两可的刺激做出负面的偏见解释和评价。他们还进行思维抑制和沉思，这些倾向与 BPD 症状的严重程度显著相关。目前尚不清楚适应不良的认知过程是否在 BPD 的发展和维持中起因果作用，或者它们是否是该疾病的相关因素或后果。对 BPD 中与情绪相关的认知加工的持续研究可能会增进对这种严重障碍的理解和治疗。
