Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland.
Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2013 May;86(4):451-62. doi: 10.1007/s00420-012-0778-0. Epub 2012 May 6.
The aims of this study were to describe the use of occupational health services and other health care of Finnish employees and to examine associations between health problems and risks, and primary care visits to occupational health nurses and physicians and other health care.
A nationally representative sample of 3,126 employees aged 30-64 participated in the Health 2000 study, which consisted of a health interview, questionnaires, a clinical health examination, and the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. The use of health services was measured by self-reported visits.
During the previous 12 months, 74 % of the employees visited occupational health services or municipal health centers, 52 % visited only occupational health services. From a third to a half of employees with lifestyle risks, depressive disorders or other health problems visited occupational health professionals. Obesity, burnout, insomnia, depressive mood, chronic impairing illnesses, and poor work ability were associated with visits to occupational health nurses. Among women, musculoskeletal diseases, chronic impairing illnesses, and poor work ability were associated with visits to occupational health physicians. Lower educational level, smoking, musculoskeletal diseases, chronic impairing illnesses, and poor work ability were associated with visits to health center physicians.
This study showed the importance of occupational health services in the primary health care of Finnish employees. However, a considerable proportion of employees with lifestyle risks, depressive mood, and other health problems did not use health services. Occupational health professionals are in an advantageous position to detect health risks in primary care visits.
本研究旨在描述芬兰员工使用职业健康服务和其他医疗保健的情况,并探讨健康问题和风险与初级保健就诊于职业健康护士和医生以及其他医疗保健之间的关系。
一项具有全国代表性的 3126 名 30-64 岁员工参与了健康 2000 研究,该研究包括健康访谈、问卷调查、临床健康检查和综合国际诊断访谈。健康服务的使用情况通过自我报告的就诊次数来衡量。
在过去的 12 个月中,74%的员工就诊于职业健康服务或市立健康中心,52%的员工仅就诊于职业健康服务。有三分之一到一半的有生活方式风险、抑郁障碍或其他健康问题的员工就诊于职业健康专业人员。肥胖、倦怠、失眠、抑郁情绪、慢性致残性疾病和较差的工作能力与就诊于职业健康护士有关。在女性中,肌肉骨骼疾病、慢性致残性疾病和较差的工作能力与就诊于职业健康医生有关。较低的教育水平、吸烟、肌肉骨骼疾病、慢性致残性疾病和较差的工作能力与就诊于健康中心医生有关。
本研究表明职业健康服务在芬兰员工初级保健中的重要性。然而,相当一部分有生活方式风险、抑郁情绪和其他健康问题的员工并未使用健康服务。职业健康专业人员在初级保健就诊时具有发现健康风险的优势地位。