Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 126/3, 62500, Brno, Czech Republic.
Environ Int. 2012 Sep 15;45:22-31. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2012.04.001. Epub 2012 May 8.
Endocrine-disruptive potential and concentrations of polar organic contaminants were measured in seven headwaters flowing through relatively unpolluted areas of the Czech Republic. Towns with Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) discharges were the first known sources of anthropogenic pollution in the areas. River water was sampled several kilometers upstream (US) and several tens of meters downstream (DS) of the WWTP discharges, by use of Pesticide and Pharmaceutical Polar Organic Integrative Samplers (POCIS-Pest, POCIS-Pharm). Extracts of passive samplers were tested by use of a battery of in vitro bioassays to determine overall non-specific cytotoxicity, endocrine-disruptive (ED) potential and dioxin-like toxicity. The extracts were also used for quantification of polar organics. There was little toxicity to cells caused by most extracts of POCIS. Estrogenicity was detected in all types of samples even though US locations are considered to be background. At US locations, concentrations of estrogen equivalents (EEq) ranged from less than the detection limits (LOD) to 0.5 ng EEq/POCIS. Downstream concentrations of EEqs ranged from less than LOD to 4.8 ng EEq/POCIS. Concentrations of EEq in POCIS extracts from all DS locations were 1 to 14 times greater than those at US locations. Concentrations of EEq measured in extracts of POCIS-Pest and POCIS-Pharm were in a good agreement. Neither antiestrogenic nor anti/androgenic activities were detected. Concentrations of 2,3,7,8-TCDD equivalents (TEq(bio)) were detected in both types of POCIS at concentrations ranging from less than the LOD to 0.39 ng TEq(bio)/POCIS. Nearly all extracts of POCIS-Pharm contained greater concentrations of TEq(bio) activity than extracts of POCIS-Pest. Concentrations of pesticides and pharmaceuticals in extracts of POCIS were generally small at all sampling sites, but levels of some pharmaceuticals were significantly greater in both types of POCIS from DS locations. Chemical analyses along with the results of bioassays documented impacts of small towns with WWTPs on headwaters.
七种发源于捷克共和国未受污染地区的源头水的内分泌干扰潜力和极性有机污染物浓度得到了测量。有污水处理厂（WWTP）排放的城镇是这些地区已知的人为污染的最初来源。使用农药和药物极性有机综合采样器（POCIS-Pest、POCIS-Pharm）在 WWTP 排放物的上游数公里（US）和下游数十米（DS）处对河水进行了采样。使用一系列体外生物测定法测试被动采样器提取物，以确定非特异性细胞毒性、内分泌干扰（ED）潜力和类二恶英毒性的总体情况。提取物还用于极性有机物的定量。大多数 POCIS 提取物对细胞的毒性很小。即使 US 位置被认为是背景，所有类型的样本中都检测到了雌激素活性。在 US 位置，雌激素当量（EEq）浓度从低于检测限（LOD）到 0.5ng EEq/POCIS 不等。下游 EEq 浓度从低于 LOD 到 4.8ng EEq/POCIS 不等。所有 DS 位置的 POCIS 提取物中的 EEq 浓度比 US 位置高 1 至 14 倍。POCIS-Pest 和 POCIS-Pharm 提取物中测量的 EEq 浓度非常吻合。既没有检测到抗雌激素活性，也没有检测到抗雄激素/雄激素活性。在两种类型的 POCIS 中均检测到 2,3,7,8-TCDD 当量（TEq(bio)），浓度范围从低于 LOD 到 0.39ng TEq(bio)/POCIS。几乎所有 POCIS-Pharm 的提取物都比 POCIS-Pest 的提取物含有更高浓度的 TEq(bio)活性。在所有采样点，POCIS 提取物中的农药和药物浓度通常都很小，但在 DS 位置的两种类型的 POCIS 中，一些药物的浓度明显更高。化学分析和生物测定结果记录了有 WWTP 的小镇对源头水的影响。
