Barlow D H
Department of Psychology, University at Albany State University of New York 12222.
J Clin Psychiatry. 1990 Dec;51 Suppl A:17-23.
Psychological approaches to panic disorder with agoraphobia have concentrated on agoraphobic avoidance behavior associated with panic attacks through use of exposure-based methods. These have proven reasonably successful but few patients are "cured," and a number continue to experience anxiety and panic. More recently, treatments with the goal of reducing panic attacks directly have been developed. These are based on a new psychobiological model of panic disorder that suggests some people are predisposed to panic, particularly when under stress. A minority develop anxiety about the possibility of another panic attack and become sensitive to sensations that signal an attack. The treatment developed at our center emphasizes systematic exposure to the somatic events associated with panic, breathing training, correcting misinformation about attacks, and the catastrophic cognitions associated with panic. Both initial and long-term outcome of early studies of this treatment are presented.
针对伴有广场恐惧症的惊恐障碍的心理学治疗方法，一直聚焦于通过基于暴露的方法来处理与惊恐发作相关的广场恐惧回避行为。这些方法已被证明相当成功，但很少有患者被“治愈”，仍有许多患者持续经历焦虑和惊恐。最近，已开发出直接以减少惊恐发作为目标的治疗方法。这些方法基于一种新的惊恐障碍心理生物学模型，该模型表明有些人易患惊恐障碍，尤其是在压力之下。少数人会对再次发作惊恐的可能性产生焦虑，并对预示发作的感觉变得敏感。我们中心开发的治疗方法强调系统地暴露于与惊恐相关的躯体事件、呼吸训练、纠正有关发作的错误信息以及与惊恐相关的灾难性认知。本文展示了该治疗方法早期研究的初始结果和长期结果。
