Nursing School of Murcia University, Murcia, Spain.
Int Nurs Rev. 2012 Jun;59(2):175-80. doi: 10.1111/j.1466-7657.2011.00966.x. Epub 2012 Mar 28.
Nurses credentialing as healthcare professionals commenced in Western Europe and in the USA by the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century, boosted by the protestant reform movement. In Spain, it started in 1915, during the kingdom of Alfonso XIII (1902-1931). This historical period was marked by great political instability and big flaws in the healthcare delivery system.
To describe the regulatory pathway that gave rise to the nursing profession in Spain, through official credentialing and regulation during the first third of the 20th century.
Documental, historical and regulatory documental research describing and analysing the national legislative sources used to regulate the professional development, as well as the education, training and competencies of the nursing practice in Spain, as compared with the developments in the European and American context.
Professional development of the nursing profession in Western Europe and in the USA is consolidated during the 20th century as resulting in educational and training enhancement and the establishment of national and international professional bodies. In Spain, the regulatory and legal recognition of the nursing profession come into being in 1915 in response to a request from a female religious congregation.
护士作为医疗保健专业人员的认证始于 19 世纪末和 20 世纪初的西欧和美国，这一趋势受到新教改革运动的推动。在西班牙，这一进程始于 1915 年阿方索十三世国王统治时期（1902-1931 年）。这一历史时期的特点是政治极不稳定，医疗保健系统存在重大缺陷。
通过 20 世纪前 30 年的官方认证和监管，描述西班牙护理行业兴起的监管途径。
文献、历史和监管文献研究，描述和分析用于监管西班牙护理实践的专业发展、教育、培训和能力的国家立法来源，并与欧洲和美国的发展情况进行比较。
20 世纪期间，西欧和美国的护理行业专业发展得到巩固，教育和培训得到提升，并且建立了国家和国际专业机构。在西班牙，护理行业的监管和法律认可始于 1915 年，这是对一个女性宗教团体的请求做出的回应。
