College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.
Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2012 Aug;12(8):666-73. doi: 10.1089/vbz.2011.0839. Epub 2012 May 18.
Rabies remains an important public health concern in the United States, with most human cases associated with bat rabies virus variants. Cases of rabies virus (RV) infection in bats are widely distributed across the continental United States and elsewhere in the Americas. In this retrospective study, data on bats submitted to state laboratories for RV diagnosis between 2001 and 2009 were analyzed to investigate epidemiological trends in the United States. Season, region, and roosting habits were the primary risk factors of interest. During the study interval, more than 205,439 bats were submitted for RV diagnosis, and 6.7% of these bats were rabid. Increased odds of a submitted bat being rabid were associated with species that exhibit inconspicuous roosting habits, bats originating in the Southwest, and bats submitted for diagnosis during the fall. Periodic analysis of zoonotic disease surveillance is recommended to detect changes in trends regarding geographic distribution, seasonal fluctuations, and host associations; this is particularly necessary, as existing trends may be influenced by climate change or other emerging factors.
在美国，狂犬病仍然是一个重要的公共卫生关注点，大多数人类病例与蝙蝠狂犬病病毒变异株有关。在美国大陆和其他美洲地区，蝙蝠中存在广泛分布的狂犬病病毒（RV）感染病例。在这项回顾性研究中，对 2001 年至 2009 年间提交给州立实验室进行 RV 诊断的蝙蝠数据进行了分析，以调查美国的流行趋势。季节、地区和栖息习惯是主要关注的风险因素。在研究期间，超过 205439 只蝙蝠被提交进行 RV 诊断，其中 6.7%的蝙蝠患有狂犬病。提交的蝙蝠患狂犬病的可能性增加与表现出不明显栖息习惯的物种、来自西南部的蝙蝠以及在秋季提交诊断的蝙蝠有关。建议定期分析人畜共患病监测数据，以检测与地理分布、季节性波动和宿主关联有关的趋势变化；这是非常必要的，因为现有趋势可能受到气候变化或其他新出现因素的影响。
