Faculty of Law, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia.
Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet. 2012;13:433-54. doi: 10.1146/annurev-genom-090711-163800. Epub 2012 May 15.
Genetic discrimination (GD) is a complex, multifaceted ethical, psychosocial, and legal phenomenon. It is defined as the differential treatment of asymptomatic individuals or their relatives on the basis of their real or assumed genetic characteristics. This article presents an overview of GD within the contemporary international context. It describes the concept of GD and its contextual features, reviews research evidence regarding people's experiences of GD and the impact of GD within a range of domains, and provides an overview of legal and policy responses to GD that have emerged globally. We argue that GD is a significant and internationally established phenomenon that requires multilevel responses to ensure social justice and equitable outcomes for all citizens. Future research should monitor GD and its impacts within the community as well as institutions and should evaluate the effectiveness of legislative, policy, community education, and systemic responses.
遗传歧视（GD）是一种复杂的、多方面的伦理、心理社会和法律现象。它被定义为基于个体真实或假定的遗传特征，对无症状个体或其亲属进行的差别待遇。本文在当代国际背景下概述了遗传歧视。它描述了遗传歧视的概念及其背景特征，回顾了关于人们在遗传歧视方面的经验以及遗传歧视在一系列领域中的影响的研究证据，并概述了全球范围内针对遗传歧视的法律和政策应对措施。我们认为，遗传歧视是一种重要的、国际上已确立的现象，需要多层次的应对措施，以确保所有公民的社会公正和平等结果。未来的研究应该监测社区以及机构中的遗传歧视及其影响，并评估立法、政策、社区教育和系统应对措施的有效性。
