Department of Analytical Chemistry, Escuela Politécnica Superior, University of Seville, C/Virgen de África 7, E-41011 Seville, Spain.
J Hazard Mater. 2012 Nov 15;239-240:40-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.04.068. Epub 2012 May 7.
The occurrence of sixteen pharmaceutically active compounds in influent and effluent wastewater and in primary, secondary and digested sludge in one-year period has been evaluated. Solid-water partition coefficients (Kd) were calculated to evaluate the efficiency of removal of these compounds from wastewater by sorption onto sludge. The ecotoxicological risk to aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, due to wastewater discharges to the receiving streams and to the application of digested sludge as fertilizer onto soils, was also evaluated. Twelve of the pharmaceuticals were detected in wastewater at mean concentrations from 0.1 to 32 μg/L. All the compounds found in wastewater were also found in sewage sludge, except diclofenac, at mean concentrations from 8.1 to 2206 μg/kg dm. Ibuprofen, salicylic acid, gemfibrozil and caffeine were the compounds at the highest concentrations. LogKd values were between 1.17 (naproxen) and 3.48 (carbamazepine). The highest ecotoxicological risk in effluent wastewater and digested sludge is due to ibuprofen (risk quotient (RQ): 3.2 and 4.4, respectively), 17α-ethinylestradiol (RQ: 12 and 22, respectively) and 17β-estradiol (RQ: 12 and 359, respectively). Ecotoxicological risk after wastewater discharge and sludge disposal is limited to the presence of 17β-estradiol in digested-sludge amended soil (RQ: 2.7).
评估了在一年期间内，进水和出水废水中以及初级、二级和消化污泥中的十六种药物活性化合物的出现情况。通过吸附到污泥上来评估这些化合物从废水中去除的效率，计算了固-水分配系数（Kd）。还评估了由于废水排放到接收溪流中和将消化污泥作为肥料施用到土壤中而对水生和陆地生态系统造成的生态毒理学风险。在废水中以 0.1 至 32μg/L 的平均浓度检测到 12 种药物。除了双氯芬酸外，所有在废水中发现的化合物也在污水污泥中发现，平均浓度为 8.1 至 2206μg/kg dm。布洛芬、水杨酸、吉非贝齐和咖啡因是浓度最高的化合物。LogKd 值在 1.17（萘普生）和 3.48（卡马西平）之间。出水废水中和消化污泥中最高的生态毒理学风险是由于布洛芬（风险商数（RQ）：3.2 和 4.4，分别）、17α-乙炔雌二醇（RQ：12 和 22，分别）和 17β-雌二醇（RQ：12 和 359，分别）。废水排放和污泥处置后的生态毒理学风险仅限于消化污泥中添加的土壤中存在 17β-雌二醇（RQ：2.7）。
