Franco Varas V, Gorritxo Gil B
Departamento Estomatología, Facultad de Medicina y Odontología, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, Leioa, España.
An Pediatr (Barc). 2012 Dec;77(6):374-80. doi: 10.1016/j.anpedi.2012.02.020. Epub 2012 May 18.
The non-nutritive sucking habits are a physiological activity during the first months of life of a child, but if they persist afterwards, these habits can affect the development of dental occlusion.The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of past pacifier-sucking habits in a sample of school children and its role in the genesis of dental malocclusion in primary dentition, as well as to follow up these alterations until the next phase of the dentition (mixed dentition).
We performed a longitudinal epidemiological study on a sample of 225 children from age 2 to 10 years in the Basque Autonomous Region.Data were obtained by means of a questionnaire of children habits, filled in by parents, and clinical tests carried out on the children, recording the presence of alterations in dental occlusion, such as anterior open bite and posterior crossbite.
We found a significant increase of malocclusion in the primary dentition of children who prolonged the pacifier-sucking habit. If this habit was abandoned early, anterior open bites improved, while posterior crossbites clutch remained or even got worse.
The pacifier sucking habit influences the development of the teeth, thus, it is necessary to detect early changes in order to prevent the establishment of dental malocclusion.
非营养性吸吮习惯是儿童出生后最初几个月的一种生理活动，但如果这种习惯在之后持续存在，可能会影响牙合的发育。本研究的目的是确定一组学龄儿童过去使用安抚奶嘴习惯的频率及其在乳牙列牙颌畸形发生中的作用，并对这些改变进行跟踪，直至牙列的下一阶段（混合牙列）。
我们对巴斯克自治区225名2至10岁的儿童进行了一项纵向流行病学研究。数据通过家长填写的儿童习惯问卷以及对儿童进行的临床检查获得，记录牙合改变的情况，如前牙开牙合和后牙反牙合。
我们发现，持续使用安抚奶嘴习惯的儿童乳牙列中牙颌畸形显著增加。如果这种习惯早期戒除，前牙开牙合情况会改善，而后牙反牙合则会持续存在甚至加重。
使用安抚奶嘴的习惯会影响牙齿发育，因此，有必要早期发现变化以预防牙颌畸形的确立。
