Department of Oral Pathology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Finland.
Curr Pharm Des. 2012;18(34):5452-69. doi: 10.2174/138161212803307581.
Infection with High Risk (HR) Human Papillomaviruses (HPVs) is the main aetiological agent of Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma (CSCC) and also associated in a subgroup of other neoplasms, including Oropharyngeal Squamous cell Carcinoma (OPSCC). HPV infection, in genital as in oral mucosa, can also be subclinical or associated with benign proliferative lesions (common warts, condylomas, papillomas) caused mostly by infection with Low Risk (LR)-HPVs. In the last decades, extensive research has resulted in growing knowledge on HPV biology and specifically viral life cycle, biochemical properties of viral proteins and their interaction with the host proteins leading to potential new targets of prophylactic or therapeutic vaccines and therapies for HPV infection. In addition, notable progresses have been made in the field of diagnostics to detect HPV DNA or RNA. The recent epidemiological data suggest the significant changes in HPV endemic, due to the changes in sexual habits especially among young generations (i.e. early sexual debuts, multiple sexual partners, oral and anal sex); this scenario has urged on the need of adequate campaigns of primary (sexual education, vaccination programs) and secondary prevention (diagnostics of HPV-related diseases). Due to the growing interest on HPV infection and HPV related cancers, the authors made a narrative review of the literature on oral HPV infection and oral-genital transmission. After this, in view of the controversies about the strategies of therapy and prevention of HPV infection, the present review focuses on the current state of art about the available tools for the therapeutic and, if any, preventive management of oral HPV infection.
高危（HR）型人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）感染是宫颈鳞状细胞癌（CSCC）的主要病因，也与其他肿瘤亚群相关，包括口咽鳞状细胞癌（OPSCC）。HPV 感染在生殖器和口腔黏膜中也可能是亚临床的或与良性增生性病变（普通疣、尖锐湿疣、乳头状瘤）相关，这些病变主要由低危（LR）型 HPV 感染引起。在过去的几十年中，广泛的研究使人们对 HPV 的生物学，特别是病毒生命周期、病毒蛋白的生化特性及其与宿主蛋白的相互作用有了更多的了解，从而为 HPV 感染的预防性或治疗性疫苗和疗法提供了新的潜在靶点。此外，在 HPV DNA 或 RNA 的检测方面也取得了显著进展。最近的流行病学数据表明，由于性行为的变化，尤其是年轻一代（即初次性行为过早、性伴侣较多、口交和肛交），HPV 的流行情况发生了显著变化；这种情况促使人们需要开展适当的一级（性教育、疫苗接种计划）和二级预防（HPV 相关疾病的诊断）活动。由于人们对 HPV 感染和 HPV 相关癌症的兴趣日益增加，作者对口腔 HPV 感染和口腔-生殖器传播的文献进行了综述。在此之后，鉴于 HPV 感染治疗和预防策略存在争议，本综述重点介绍了目前可用于治疗口腔 HPV 感染的现有工具，如果有的话，以及针对口腔 HPV 感染的预防性管理的最新研究进展。
