Ecotechnology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science, G.B.Pant. University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar 263145, India.
Appl Biochem Biotechnol. 2012 Aug;167(7):1865-89. doi: 10.1007/s12010-012-9735-3. Epub 2012 May 26.
Bioligninolysis involves living organisms and/or their products in degradation of lignin, which is highly resistant, plant-originated polymer having three-dimensional network of dimethoxylated (syringyl), monomethoxylated (guaiacyl), and non-methoxylated (p-hydroxyphenyl) phenylpropanoid and acetylated units. As a major repository of aromatic chemical structures on earth, lignin bears paramount significance for its removal owing to potential application of bioligninolytic systems in industrial production. Early reports illustrating the discovery and cloning of ligninolytic biocatalysts in fungi was truly a landmark in the field of enzymatic delignification. However, the enzymology for bacterial delignification is hitherto poorly understood. Moreover, the lignin-degrading bacterial genes are still unknown and need further exploration. This review deals with the current knowledge about ligninolytic enzyme families produced by fungi and bacteria, their mechanisms of action, and genetic regulation and reservations, which render them attractive candidates in biotechnological applications.
生物木质素降解涉及生物及其产物对木质素的降解，木质素是一种具有三维网络结构的高度抗性的植物源聚合物，由二甲氧基化（丁香基）、单甲氧基化（愈创木基）和非甲氧基化（对羟基苯基）苯丙烷单元和乙酰化单元组成。由于生物木质素降解系统在工业生产中的潜在应用，木质素作为地球上芳香族化学结构的主要储存库，其去除具有至关重要的意义。早期有关真菌中木质素降解生物催化剂的发现和克隆的报道，确实是酶法木质素脱除领域的一个里程碑。然而，细菌木质素降解的酶学迄今为止仍了解甚少。此外，木质素降解细菌基因仍然未知，需要进一步探索。本文综述了真菌和细菌产生的木质素降解酶家族的最新知识，包括它们的作用机制、遗传调控和保留性，这些特性使它们成为生物技术应用中的有吸引力的候选物。
