Department of Educational & Clinical Studies, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA.
J Psychoactive Drugs. 2012 Jan-Mar;44(1):27-37. doi: 10.1080/02791072.2012.662078.
Throughout the course of history, gambling has been a popular activity across most cultures. In the United States, gambling has transitioned from early acceptance to prohibition to widespread proliferation. For most, gambling is a relaxing and recreational activity; however, for some individuals gambling becomes more than harmless fun. The most severe form of gambling, pathological gambling, is recognized as a mental health disorder. Pathological gambling is currently classified as an impulse control disorder in the DSM-IV-TR, but it shares many important features with substance use disorders, especially in terms of diagnostic criteria, clinical course, and treatment. Consequently, the DSM-V Task Force has suggested that pathological gambling be reclassified and included in a new category entitled "Addiction and Related Disorders." The category would include both substance-related and non-substance/behavioral addictions. This article provides a general overview of some of the available literature regarding pathological gambling and includes the presentation of a number of relevant topics including etiology, risk factors, comorbidity, prevention, and treatment. However, as with most complex, multifaceted, and multidimensional phenomena, more research is needed in order to improve both prevention and treatment efforts for pathological gambling.
纵观历史，赌博在大多数文化中都是一种流行的活动。在美国，赌博经历了从早期的接受、禁止到广泛传播的转变。对大多数人来说，赌博是一种放松和娱乐的活动；然而，对一些人来说，赌博不仅仅是无害的乐趣。最严重的赌博形式，病态赌博，被认为是一种心理健康障碍。病态赌博目前在 DSM-IV-TR 中被归类为冲动控制障碍，但它与物质使用障碍有许多共同的重要特征，特别是在诊断标准、临床过程和治疗方面。因此，DSM-V 工作组建议重新分类病态赌博，并将其归入一个新的类别，称为“成瘾和相关障碍”。该类别将包括物质相关和非物质/行为成瘾。本文对一些关于病态赌博的现有文献进行了综述，包括介绍了一些相关主题，包括病因、风险因素、共病、预防和治疗。然而，对于大多数复杂、多方面和多维的现象来说，需要更多的研究来改善病态赌博的预防和治疗工作。
