伊朗成年人的快餐消费；饮食摄入与心血管危险因素：德黑兰血脂和血糖研究。
Fast food consumption in Iranian adults; dietary intake and cardiovascular risk factors: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study.
机构信息
Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
出版信息
Arch Iran Med. 2012 Jun;15(6):346-51.
BACKGROUND
Although fast food consumption has drastically increased in Iran in recent years; there is a paucity of data in relation to the association between fast food consumption, dietary intake, and cardiovascular risk factors. This study aims to determine fast food consumption status among young and middle-aged Iranian adults, and to assess its impact on dietary intake and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors.
METHODS
This cross-sectional population-based study was conducted on 1944 young and middle-aged adults (840 men and 1104 women), who participated in the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (2006-2008). We collected dietary data by using a validated 168 item, semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Total fast food consumption was calculated by summing up weekly consumption of the most commonly consumed fast foods in Iran.
RESULTS
Mean consumption of fast food was 161g/week (95% CI: 147-175) for young adults and 108 g/week (95% CI: 101-115) for middle-aged adults. Mean dietary intakes of energy, fat, saturated fat, cholesterol, sodium, meat, and soft drinks increased significantly (P < 0.05), while carbohydrate and refined grain consumption decreased (P < 0.01) across tertiles of fast food in both age groups. In young adults, dietary energy density and protein intake increased significantly (P < 0.01) where as intake of non-starchy vegetables and carotenoids decreased (P < 0.05). In middle-aged adults dietary intakes of fiber, folate, calcium, and fruits significantly decreased across fast food tertiles (P < 0.05). After adjustment for confounders, there was an association between fast food consumption and body mass index (BMI; β = 0.104; P < 0.01) and waist circumference (WC; β= 0.083; P < 0.01) in young adults, and serum triglycerides (β = 0.072; P < 0.05), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C; β = -0.051; P < 0.05), and atherogenic index of plasma (β = 0.056; P < 0.05) in middle-aged adults.
CONCLUSION
The results show that increased consumption of fast foods is associated with poor dietary intake and some of the CVD risk factors in Iranian adults.
背景
尽管近年来伊朗快餐消费急剧增加，但有关快餐消费、饮食摄入与心血管危险因素之间关联的资料却很少。本研究旨在确定伊朗年轻和中年成年人的快餐消费状况，并评估其对饮食摄入和心血管疾病（CVD）危险因素的影响。
方法
本研究为横断面人群研究，共纳入 1944 名年轻和中年成年人（840 名男性和 1104 名女性），他们参加了德黑兰血脂和血糖研究（2006-2008 年）。我们采用经过验证的 168 项半定量食物频率问卷收集饮食数据。通过每周食用伊朗最常食用的快餐的总和来计算快餐的总摄入量。
结果
年轻人每周平均快餐摄入量为 161g（95%CI：147-175），中年人每周平均快餐摄入量为 108g（95%CI：101-115）。随着快餐摄入量在两个年龄组的三分位增加，能量、脂肪、饱和脂肪、胆固醇、钠、肉和软饮料的平均饮食摄入量显著增加（P<0.05），而碳水化合物和精制谷物的摄入量则减少（P<0.01）。在年轻人中，饮食能量密度和蛋白质摄入量显著增加（P<0.01），而不包括淀粉的蔬菜和类胡萝卜素的摄入量则减少（P<0.05）。在中年人中，随着快餐摄入量的增加，膳食纤维、叶酸、钙和水果的摄入量显著减少（P<0.05）。调整混杂因素后，快餐消费与年轻人的体重指数（BMI；β=0.104；P<0.01）和腰围（WC；β=0.083；P<0.01）以及中年人的血清甘油三酯（β=0.072；P<0.05）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C；β=-0.051；P<0.05）和血浆致动脉粥样硬化指数（β=0.056；P<0.05）呈正相关。
结论
结果表明，快餐消费的增加与伊朗成年人不良的饮食摄入和一些心血管危险因素有关。
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