Benedek Thomas G
Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15217, USA.
Perspect Biol Med. 2012 Winter;55(1):92-113. doi: 10.1353/pbm.2012.0000.
This article examines smallpox vaccination in the 19th century as background for a notorious medical malpractice case that occupied Bavarian courts from April 1853 until May 1854. Dr. Georg Hübner, the defendant, was accused of having initiated a small epidemic of syphilis by using the lymph of a syphilitic infant to vaccinate 13 infants. The litigation and its published contemporaneous discussion demonstrate conflicts in the understanding of syphilis, the hazards of having to make a purely clinical diagnosis, the effect of obsolete legal wording in medical litigation, and the attitude of leading physicians to a guilty colleague. This case ultimately led to efforts to make arm-to-arm smallpox vaccination safer, and by 1898 to abandon the technique in favor of bovine sources that were sterilized and stabilized by various methods.
本文考察了19世纪的天花疫苗接种情况，以此作为一起臭名昭著的医疗事故案件的背景，该案件于1853年4月至1854年5月期间在巴伐利亚法院审理。被告格奥尔格·许布纳医生被指控使用一名患梅毒婴儿的淋巴液为13名婴儿接种疫苗，从而引发了一场小规模的梅毒疫情。该诉讼及其同期发表的讨论表明，在梅毒认知、纯临床诊断的风险、医疗诉讼中过时法律措辞的影响以及权威医生对有罪同事的态度等方面存在冲突。这起案件最终促使人们努力提高人传人天花疫苗接种的安全性，到1898年，人们放弃了这种技术，转而采用通过各种方法进行消毒和稳定处理的牛源疫苗。
