Ambroise-Thomas P
Département de Parasitologie-Mycologie Médicale et Moléculaire (DP3M), Université Joseph Fourier-Grenoble I, URA CNRS 1344.
Ann Parasitol Hum Comp. 1990;65 Suppl 1:83-8. doi: 10.1051/parasite/1990651083.
Molecular biology techniques have contributed, in the last ten years, to a better understanding of parasitic diseases. DNA probes, for example, have been successfully used not only for taxonomic purposes, but also for the diagnosis, the epidemiology and the pathogenicity of these infections. Due to their high sensitivity and specificity, the DNA probes allow, from a diagnostic point of view, the detection of very few of parasites in a given sample. This detection is also valid for any parasitic stage considered. It can be specially used to detect the infective stage in the vector, which, in epidemiological studies, is very important. The identification of parasitic species or sub-species indicates the human infectivity of species considered in the past as zoophilic. Finally, by allowing the specific identification of strains, isolates or even particular clones, the DNA probes also show differences which can be related to pathogenicity, to particular biological characteristics, or even to drug sensitivity. In this review, I relate the main results obtained in malaria and toxoplasmosis in our laboratory in Grenoble. I will also consider some recent data on amoebiasis, leishmaniasis, trypanosomiasis, filariasis, schistosomiasis and echinococcosis.
在过去十年中，分子生物学技术有助于更好地理解寄生虫病。例如，DNA探针不仅已成功用于分类学目的，还用于这些感染的诊断、流行病学和致病性研究。由于其高灵敏度和特异性，从诊断角度来看，DNA探针能够检测给定样本中极少数量的寄生虫。这种检测对于任何被考虑的寄生虫阶段均有效。它特别可用于检测媒介中的感染阶段，这在流行病学研究中非常重要。寄生虫种类或亚种的鉴定表明过去被认为是嗜动物的物种对人类的感染性。最后，通过能够特异性鉴定菌株、分离株甚至特定克隆，DNA探针还显示出与致病性、特定生物学特性甚至药物敏感性相关的差异。在这篇综述中，我阐述了我们在格勒诺布尔实验室在疟疾和弓形虫病方面取得的主要成果。我还将考虑一些关于阿米巴病、利什曼病、锥虫病、丝虫病、血吸虫病和棘球蚴病的最新数据。
