Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pisa School of Medicine, Pisa, Italy.
Curr Genomics. 2011 Dec;12(8):626-31. doi: 10.2174/138920211798120808.
The increasing incidence of thyroid cancer is associated with a higher number of advanced disease characterized by the loss of cancer differentiation and metastatic spread. The knowledge of the molecular pathways involved in the pathogenesis of thyroid cancer has made possible the development of new therapeutic drugs able to blockade the oncogenic kinases (BRAF V600E, RET/PTC) or signaling kinases [vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR), platelet-derived growth factor receptors (PDGFR)] involved in cellular growth and proliferation. Some clinical trials have been conducted showing the ability of targeted therapies (sorafenib, sunitinib, axitinib, imanitib, vandetanib, pazopanib, gefitinib) in stabilizing the course of the disease. Until now, however, no consensus guidelines have been established for patient selection and more data on toxicities and side effects are needed to be collected.
甲状腺癌的发病率不断上升，与更多晚期疾病相关，这些疾病的特征是癌症分化丧失和转移扩散。对甲状腺癌发病机制中涉及的分子途径的了解使得能够开发新的治疗药物，这些药物能够阻断致癌激酶（BRAF V600E、RET/PTC）或参与细胞生长和增殖的信号激酶（血管内皮生长因子受体[VEGFR]、血小板衍生生长因子受体[PDGFR]）。已经进行了一些临床试验，表明靶向治疗（索拉非尼、舒尼替尼、阿昔替尼、依马替尼、凡德他尼、帕唑帕尼、吉非替尼）能够稳定疾病进程。然而，到目前为止，还没有为患者选择制定共识指南，需要收集更多关于毒性和副作用的数据。
