Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin Madison, WI, USA.
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2012 Jan 3;2:106. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2011.00106. eCollection 2011.
Estradiol plays a pivotal role in the control of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neuronal function and female reproduction. While positive and negative feedback actions of estradiol that enhance and suppress release of GnRH and LH are primarily mediated through estrogen receptor alpha located in interneurons, a series of recent studies in our laboratory indicate that rapid excitatory actions of estradiol also directly modify GnRH neuronal activity. We observed this phenomenon in cultured primate GnRH neurons, but similar rapid direct actions of estradiol are also described in cultured GnRH neurons and green fluorescent protein-labeled GnRH neurons of mice. Importantly, rapid direct action of estradiol in GnRH neurons is mediated through membrane or membrane associated receptors, such as GPR30, STX-sensitive receptors, and ERβ. In this review, possible implications of this rapid estradiol action in GnRH neurons are discussed.
雌二醇在控制促性腺激素释放激素（GnRH）神经元功能和女性生殖中起着关键作用。虽然雌二醇的正反馈和负反馈作用通过位于中间神经元中的雌激素受体α增强和抑制 GnRH 和 LH 的释放，但我们实验室的一系列最新研究表明，雌二醇的快速兴奋作用也直接调节 GnRH 神经元的活动。我们在培养的灵长类 GnRH 神经元中观察到了这种现象，但在培养的 GnRH 神经元和小鼠的绿色荧光蛋白标记的 GnRH 神经元中也描述了类似的快速直接作用的雌二醇。重要的是，雌二醇在 GnRH 神经元中的快速直接作用是通过膜或膜相关受体介导的，如 GPR30、STX 敏感受体和 ERβ。在这篇综述中，讨论了这种快速雌二醇作用在 GnRH 神经元中的可能意义。
