Walter Frank G, Stolz Uwe, Shirazi Farshad, Walter Christina M, McNally Jude
Section of Medical Toxicology, Department of Emergency Medicine,College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724-5057, USA.
South Med J. 2012 Jun;105(6):313-20. doi: 10.1097/SMJ.0b013e318257c2d5.
The goal of this study was to analyze trends in the annual rates of reported medical outcomes of US copperhead (Agkistrodon contortrix) snakebites published in the annual reports of the American Association of Poison Control Centers in the course of 26 years.
This was a retrospective analysis of medical outcomes for copperhead snakebite victims who developed fatal, major, moderate, minor, or no effects. The annual rates for these medical outcomes were calculated by dividing the annual number of patients in each outcome category by the total annual number of people reported as being bitten by copperheads. Poisson and negative binomial regression were used to examine trends in annual rates.
From 1983 through 2008, the incidence rate of copperhead snakebites causing no effect significantly decreased by 12.1%/year (incidence rate ratio [IRR] 0.879; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.848-0.911]. From 1985 through 2008, the incidence rate of minor outcomes significantly decreased by 2.3%/year (IRR 0.977; 95% CI 0.972-0.981), whereas the rate of moderate outcomes significantly increased by 2.8%/year (IRR 1.028; 95% CI 1.024-1.033). The rate of major outcomes did not significantly change. One fatality was reported in 2001.
Annual rates of copperhead snakebites producing no effects and minor outcomes significantly decreased, those producing moderate outcomes significantly increased, and those producing major outcomes did not significantly change in a 26-year period.
本研究的目的是分析26年间美国毒物控制中心协会年度报告中公布的美国铜头蝮蛇（Agkistrodon contortrix）咬伤的年度报告医疗结果趋势。
这是一项对铜头蝮蛇咬伤受害者的医疗结果进行的回顾性分析，这些受害者出现了致命、严重、中度、轻度或无影响的情况。这些医疗结果的年发生率是通过将每个结果类别中的年度患者数量除以报告被铜头蝮蛇咬伤的总年度人数来计算的。使用泊松回归和负二项回归来检查年发生率的趋势。
从1983年到2008年，无影响的铜头蝮蛇咬伤发生率每年显著下降12.1%（发生率比[IRR]0.879；95%置信区间[CI]0.848 - 0.911）。从1985年到2008年，轻度结果的发生率每年显著下降2.3%（IRR 0.977；95% CI 0.972 - 0.981），而中度结果的发生率每年显著上升2.8%（IRR 1.028；95% CI 1.024 - 1.033）。严重结果的发生率没有显著变化。2001年报告了1例死亡。
在26年期间，无影响和轻度结果的铜头蝮蛇咬伤年发生率显著下降，中度结果的年发生率显著上升，严重结果的年发生率没有显著变化。
