Saka B, Kombaté K, Médougou B-H, Akakpo S, Mouhari-Toure A, Boukari T, Tchangaï-Walla K, Pitché P
Service de dermatologie, CHU de Tokoin, université de Lomé, Lomé, Togo.
Bull Soc Pathol Exot. 2012 Dec;105(5):384-7. doi: 10.1007/s13149-012-0237-x. Epub 2012 Jun 5.
The aim of this study was to determine the frequency and list of drugs responsible for fixed drug eruption (FDE) in Lomé (Togo). A descriptive retrospective study of patients with FDE treated from January 2006 to November 2011 in dermatology service at the teaching hospital of Lomé (Togo) was conducted. During the study period, 321 cases of FDE were reported among 472 cases of toxidermia observed. Mean age of the patients was 31.27 ± 14.01 years and sex-ratio (M/F) was 1.01. One hundred thirty-three (41.4%) of 321 patients had a previous FDE, against 58.6% who were in their first attack. The most common form was the hyperpigmented form (247 cases/321). The main locations of the lesions were the trunk (N = 127) followed by the lower limbs (N = 85), the upper limbs (N = 81) and external genital organs (N = 53). A drug was incriminated in 163 (50.8%) of the 321 patients, in whom 109 patients took their drug by self-medication. Antibacterial sulfonamides were the first drug involved (70.5%), followed by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (9.8%), antimalarial drugs (7.4%) and antibiotics (3.7%). All patients received a banned drug. In addition, 111 patients were treated with antihistamines, 69 with corticosteroids, and 58 with topical antiseptics. During follow-up, 42 of 321 patients have been seen; all had a favorable outcome. Our study confirms the frequency of FDE and the role of antibacterial sulfonamides as the cause of FDE in Africa and documents the effects of self-medication in toxidermia in Togo.
本研究旨在确定多哥洛美地区引发固定性药疹（FDE）的药物种类及出现频率。对2006年1月至2011年11月在多哥洛美教学医院皮肤科接受治疗的固定性药疹患者进行了描述性回顾性研究。研究期间，在观察到的472例中毒性皮肤病病例中报告了321例固定性药疹病例。患者的平均年龄为31.27±14.01岁，性别比（男/女）为1.01。321例患者中，133例（41.4%）曾患过固定性药疹，首次发病的患者占58.6%。最常见的类型是色素沉着型（247例/321例）。皮损的主要部位是躯干（n = 127），其次是下肢（n = 85）、上肢（n = 81）和外生殖器（n = 53）。321例患者中有163例（50.8%）确定了致病药物，其中109例患者自行用药。抗菌磺胺类药物是首要涉及的药物（70.5%），其次是非甾体抗炎药（9.8%）、抗疟药（7.4%）和抗生素（3.7%）。所有患者均使用了违禁药物。此外，111例患者接受了抗组胺药治疗，69例接受了皮质类固醇治疗，58例接受了外用防腐剂治疗。随访期间，321例患者中有42例前来复诊，所有患者预后良好。我们的研究证实了固定性药疹的发病频率以及抗菌磺胺类药物在非洲引发固定性药疹的作用，并记录了多哥中毒性皮肤病中自行用药的影响。
