Hansen Jason M
Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Methods Mol Biol. 2012;889:7-13. doi: 10.1007/978-1-61779-867-2_2.
The founding principles of teratology/developmental toxicology state that a developmental toxicants cause dysmorphogenesis when conceptuses are exposed at a sufficient dosage during a sensitive period of development in a sensitive species. While in vitro approaches in developmental toxicology can provide a means to assess the potency of toxicants, ultimately, the need to use whole animal models to demonstrate embryotoxicity is necessary to fully extrapolate findings to the human condition. This chapter is dedicated to reviewing the advantages of specific animal models and how these animal models may be used to assess toxicity in the embryo, both descriptively and mechanistically.
致畸学/发育毒理学的基本原则表明，当在敏感物种发育的敏感期以足够剂量接触发育毒物时，会导致畸形发生。虽然发育毒理学中的体外方法可以提供一种评估毒物效力的手段，但最终，需要使用全动物模型来证明胚胎毒性，以便将研究结果充分外推至人类情况。本章致力于回顾特定动物模型的优势，以及如何利用这些动物模型从描述性和机制性两方面评估胚胎毒性。
