Department of Cognitive Psychology and Methodology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
Neuropsychol Rehabil. 2012;22(5):716-33. doi: 10.1080/09602011.2012.686883. Epub 2012 Jun 6.
This study compared a high intensity working memory training (45 minutes, 4 times per week for 4 weeks) with a distributed training (45 minutes, 2 times per week for 8 weeks) in middle-aged, healthy adults. The aim was to clarify whether a computerised working memory training is effective and whether intensity of training influences training outcome. To evaluate the efficacy and possible transfer effects, a neuropsychological test battery assessing short- and long-term memory, working memory, executive functions and mental speed was applied at baseline and at retest. Our results indicate that the distributed training led to increased performance in all cognitive domains when compared to the high intensity training and the control group without training. The most significant differences revealed by interaction contrasts were found for verbal and visual working memory, verbal short-term memory and mental speed. These results support the hypothesis that cognitive enhancement by cognitive intervention is effective in healthy individuals, and that a distributed training schedule is superior to a high intensity intervention.
本研究比较了高强度工作记忆训练（45 分钟，每周 4 次，共 4 周）和分布式训练（45 分钟，每周 2 次，共 8 周）在中年健康成年人中的效果。目的是明确计算机化工作记忆训练是否有效，以及训练强度是否会影响训练效果。为了评估疗效和可能的转移效应，在基线和复测时应用了一个神经心理学测试组合，评估短期和长期记忆、工作记忆、执行功能和心理速度。我们的结果表明，与高强度训练和无训练对照组相比，分布式训练可提高所有认知领域的表现。通过交互对比发现的最显著差异出现在言语和视觉工作记忆、言语短期记忆和心理速度上。这些结果支持了这样的假设，即认知干预可以有效增强健康个体的认知能力，且分布式训练方案优于高强度干预。
