Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Harm Reduct J. 2012 Jun 7;9:18. doi: 10.1186/1477-7517-9-18.
Opiates are the main drugs of abuse, and Methadone Maintenance Treatment (MMT) is the most widely administered drug addiction treatment program in Iran. Our study aimed to investigate patterns of pre-treatment drug abuse, addiction treatment history and characteristics of patients in MMT in Tehran.
We applied a stratified cluster random sampling technique and conducted a cross-sectional survey utilizing a standard patient characteristic and addiction history form with patients (n = 810) in MMT. The Chi-square test and t-test served for statistical analyses.
A clear majority of the participants were men (96%), more than 60% of whom were between 25 and 44 years of age, educated (89% had more than elementary education), and employed (>70%). The most commonly reported main drugs of abuse prior to MMT entry were opium (69%) and crystalline heroin (24%). The patients' lifetime drug experience included opium (92%), crystalline heroin (28%), cannabis (16%), amphetamines (15%), and other drugs (33%). Crystalline heroin abusers were younger than opium users, had begun abusing drugs earlier, and reported a shorter history of opiate addiction.
Opium and crystalline heroin were the main drugs of abuse. A high rate of addiction using more dangerous opiate drugs such as crystalline heroin calls for more preventive efforts, especially among young men.
阿片类药物是主要的滥用药物，美沙酮维持治疗（MMT）是伊朗最广泛实施的戒毒治疗方案。我们的研究旨在调查德黑兰 MMT 患者的治疗前药物滥用模式、戒毒治疗史和患者特征。
我们采用分层聚类随机抽样技术，对 MMT 中的 810 名患者使用标准的患者特征和成瘾史表格进行了横断面调查。采用卡方检验和 t 检验进行统计学分析。
大多数参与者为男性（96%），超过 60%的人年龄在 25 至 44 岁之间，受教育程度较高（89%接受过中学以上教育），且有工作（>70%）。进入 MMT 前最常报告的主要滥用药物是鸦片（69%）和晶体海洛因（24%）。患者一生中滥用的毒品包括鸦片（92%）、晶体海洛因（28%）、大麻（16%）、安非他命（15%）和其他毒品（33%）。晶体海洛因滥用者比鸦片使用者年轻，更早开始滥用药物，且海洛因成瘾史较短。
鸦片和晶体海洛因是主要的滥用药物。较高的阿片类药物滥用率，包括更危险的晶体海洛因，需要更多的预防措施，尤其是针对年轻男性。
