Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada.
Hum Mov Sci. 2012 Dec;31(6):1449-58. doi: 10.1016/j.humov.2012.04.004. Epub 2012 Jun 8.
Previous researchers have suggested that providing KR based on only successful (i.e., good trials) trials enhances learning compared to providing KR on unsuccessful trials (i.e., poor trials). However, the learners were unaware the content of their KR display was based entirely on their successful or unsuccessful trials. Thus, the purpose of the present experiment was to determine whether learning after providing KR after relatively good trials would persist if participants were aware of their KR content. All participants propelled a slider with their non-dominant hand to a pre-determined distance on a linear slide. Participant's vision was occluded before, during and after their motor action. Similar to previous research, all participants were provided KR on three trials in a series of 6 trial blocks regarding their three best (KR good) or three worst (KR poor) trials in the block, and were either aware (good-aware; poor-aware) or unaware (good-unaware, poor-unaware) of content in their KR display. The retention results showed the groups aware of their KR content demonstrated superior learning to the groups unaware of their KR content. These findings suggest that in addition to the motivational components of KR, awareness of the KR content directly impacted motor skill acquisition not whether KR was presented on good trials or poor trials.
先前的研究人员提出，与在不成功（即差的试验）试验上提供 KR 相比，仅在成功（即好的试验）试验上提供 KR 可以增强学习。然而，学习者并不知道他们的 KR 显示内容完全基于他们的成功或失败试验。因此，本实验的目的是确定在参与者意识到他们的 KR 内容的情况下，在提供相对较好的试验后的 KR 后，学习是否会持续。所有参与者都用非优势手将滑块推到线性滑台上的预定距离。参与者的视线在运动之前、期间和之后被遮挡。与之前的研究类似，所有参与者在 6 个试验块中的一系列 3 个试验中都获得了关于他们在块中最好的 3 个（KR 好）或最差的 3 个（KR 差）试验的 KR，并且对他们的 KR 显示内容是有（KR 好感知；KR 差感知）意识还是没有（KR 好无感知；KR 差无感知）。保留结果表明，对 KR 内容有感知的组比对 KR 内容无感知的组表现出更好的学习效果。这些发现表明，除了 KR 的激励成分外，对 KR 内容的意识直接影响运动技能的获得，而不是 KR 是在好试验还是差试验上呈现。
