West Virginia University, Bennett Department of Chemistry, Forensic Chemistry, 1600 University Ave., 208 Oglebay Hall, Morgantown, WV 26506-6121, United States.
Forensic Sci Int. 2012 Oct 10;222(1-3):137-45. doi: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2012.05.011. Epub 2012 Jun 8.
The organic components of gunshot residue (OGSR, also called firearms discharge residue (FDR) or cartridge discharge residue (CDR)) have been studied and discussed in the literature. These residues, consisting of particulates such as burned and unburned powder as well as molecular compounds, are rarely used in casework except for purposes such as shooting reconstructions. Molecular compounds that survive the firing event or that are created as a result of the firing event could, with focused research and development, open a new avenue for forensic gunshot residue analysis. In this study, the persistence of organic gunshot residue was evaluated using diphenylamine (DPA) as a target analyte and ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) as the detection system. Samples were collected from hands using a solvent swabbing technique and the swab was analyzed using direct thermal desorption for sample introduction into the IMS. OGSR was found to persist for at least 4 h. Although DPA is a widely used industrial compound, analysis of numerous blank and background samples (n∼100) did not show any significant response for DPA using this detector. Variations were noted among individuals and as such, the data set does not support estimation of a half-life as has been done for traditional primer residues. No secondary transfers were observed, suggesting the possibility of skin adhesion via interactions between the lipophilic organic compounds and skin lipids. IMS proved valuable as a means of generating patterns for forensic pattern matching and shows promise as a screening tool applied to firearms discharge.
射击残留物（OGSR，也称为枪支发射残留物（FDR）或弹药发射残留物（CDR））的有机成分在文献中已经得到了研究和讨论。这些残留物由燃烧和未燃烧的粉末等颗粒以及分子化合物组成，除了射击重建等目的外，在案件工作中很少使用。在射击事件中幸存下来的或由于射击事件而产生的分子化合物，如果进行有针对性的研究和开发，可能为法医射击残留物分析开辟新的途径。在这项研究中，使用二苯胺（DPA）作为目标分析物和离子迁移谱（IMS）作为检测系统来评估有机射击残留物的持久性。使用溶剂擦拭技术从手上收集样品，并用直接热解吸法分析擦拭物，将样品直接引入 IMS 进行分析。结果表明，OGSR 至少可以持续 4 小时。尽管 DPA 是一种广泛使用的工业化合物，但使用该检测器对大量空白和背景样品（n∼100）进行分析并未显示出 DPA 的任何显著响应。个体之间存在差异，因此，该数据集不支持对传统底漆残留物进行半衰期估计。没有观察到二次转移，这表明通过亲脂性有机化合物与皮肤脂质之间的相互作用，皮肤可能会发生粘连。IMS 被证明是一种用于生成法医模式匹配的有用工具，并且有望成为一种应用于枪支发射的筛选工具。
