Graduate Program in Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
Vaccine. 2012 Jul 27;30(35):5191-8. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.05.048. Epub 2012 Jun 7.
Protection against malaria through vaccination is known to be achievable, as first demonstrated over 30 years ago. Vaccination via repeated bites with Plasmodium falciparum infected and irradiated mosquitoes provided short lived protection from malaria infection to these vaccinees. Though this method still remains the most protective malaria vaccine to date, it is likely impractical for widespread use. However, recent developments in sub-unit malaria vaccine platforms are bridging the gap between high levels of protection and feasibility. The current leading sub-unit vaccine, RTS,S (which consists of a fusion of a portion of the P. falciparum derived circumsporozoite protein to the Hepatitis B surface antigen), has demonstrated the ability to induce protection from malaria infection in up 56% of RTS,S vaccinees. Though encouraging, these results may fall short of protection levels generally considered to be required to achieve eradication of malaria. Therefore, the use of viral vectored vaccine platforms has recently been pursued to further improve the efficacy of malaria targeted vaccines. Adenovirus based vaccine platforms have demonstrated potent anti-malaria immune responses when used alone, as well when utilized in heterologous prime boost regimens. This review will provide an update as to the current advancements in malaria vaccine development, with a focus on the use of adenovirus vectored malaria vaccines.
通过接种疫苗来预防疟疾是可行的，这一事实早在 30 多年前就已得到证实。通过反复叮咬携带疟原虫并经过辐射处理的蚊子进行接种，为这些疫苗接种者提供了短暂的疟疾感染保护。尽管这种方法仍然是迄今为止最具保护性的疟疾疫苗，但它不太可能广泛使用。然而，亚单位疟疾疫苗平台的最新发展正在缩小高保护水平和可行性之间的差距。目前领先的亚单位疫苗 RTS,S（由部分源自疟原虫的环子孢子蛋白与乙型肝炎表面抗原融合而成）已证明能够在多达 56%的 RTS,S 疫苗接种者中诱导对疟疾感染的保护。尽管令人鼓舞，但这些结果可能低于通常认为实现疟疾消除所需的保护水平。因此，最近已经采用病毒载体疫苗平台来进一步提高疟疾靶向疫苗的功效。当单独使用或在异源初免-加强免疫方案中使用时，腺病毒疫苗平台已证明能产生有效的抗疟免疫反应。本综述将提供疟疾疫苗开发的最新进展，重点介绍腺病毒载体疟疾疫苗的应用。
