Pérez-Ríos Mónica, Schiaffino Anna, López María José, Nebot Manel, Galán Iñaki, Fu Marcela, Martínez-Sánchez José María, Moncada Albert, Montes Agustín, Ariza Carles, Fernández Esteve
1 Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
Eur J Public Health. 2013 Oct;23(5):763-7. doi: 10.1093/eurpub/cks069. Epub 2012 Jun 8.
Numerous studies have assessed second-hand smoke (SHS) exposure but a gold standard remains to be established. This study aimed to review how SHS exposure has been assessed in adults in questionnaire-based epidemiological studies.
A literature search of original papers in English, French, Italian or Spanish published from January 2000 to May 2011 was performed using PubMed. The variables recorded for each study included target population, sample size, validation of the SHS questions, study design and phrasing of every question used to assess SHS exposure. For each item, information such as the setting where exposure was assessed or the indicator used to ascertain SHS exposure was extracted.
We retrieved 977 articles, of which 335 matched the inclusion criteria. The main objective of 75.8% of the studies was to assess SHS exposure.The proportion of validated questions aiming to ascertain SHS exposure was 17.9%. Most studies collected data only for one (40.3%) or two settings (33.4%), most frequently the home (83.9%) and workplace (57%). The most commonly used indicator to ascertain exposure was the presence of smokers and 68.9% of the studies included an item to assess the intensity of SHS exposure.
The variability in the indicators and items used to ascertain SHS exposure is very high, whereas the use of items derived from validated studies remains low. Identifying the diverse settings where SHS exposure may occur is essential to accurately assess exposure over time. A standard set of items to identify SHS exposure in distinct settings is needed.
众多研究已对二手烟暴露情况进行了评估，但尚未确立金标准。本研究旨在回顾在基于问卷的流行病学研究中，成人二手烟暴露情况是如何被评估的。
使用PubMed对2000年1月至2011年5月以英文、法文、意大利文或西班牙文发表的原创论文进行文献检索。为每项研究记录的变量包括目标人群、样本量、二手烟问题的验证、研究设计以及用于评估二手烟暴露的每个问题的措辞。对于每个项目，提取诸如评估暴露的环境或用于确定二手烟暴露的指标等信息。
我们检索到977篇文章，其中335篇符合纳入标准。75.8%的研究主要目的是评估二手烟暴露。旨在确定二手烟暴露的经过验证的问题比例为17.9%。大多数研究仅针对一种（40.3%）或两种环境（33.4%）收集数据，最常见的是家庭（83.9%）和工作场所（57%）。确定暴露最常用的指标是吸烟者的存在，68.9%的研究包括一项评估二手烟暴露强度的项目。
用于确定二手烟暴露的指标和项目的变异性非常高，而来自经过验证研究的项目使用仍然很少。识别二手烟暴露可能发生的不同环境对于准确评估长期暴露至关重要。需要一套标准的项目来识别不同环境中的二手烟暴露。
