Clínica Universidad de Navarra, ES.
Fundación Jimenez Díaz, ES.
Ann Glob Health. 2018 Nov 5;84(4):571-579. doi: 10.9204/aogh.2362.
Tobacco smoking is recognized as a major preventable cause of disease worldwide and is linked to 6 million deaths annually, 30% of which are due to cancer. The negative health consequences of smoking currently represent one of the greatest public health challenges. Secondhand smoke, declared carcinogenic by the International Agency for Research on Cancer in 2004, is also a major source of morbidity and premature death in nonsmokers, particularly children. Negative health effects associated with exposure to secondhand smoke have been well documented and include lung cancer, cardiovascular disease, asthma, and other respiratory diseases. International and national policies to implement cost-effective strategies to curtail smoking will have a significant impact on population health and will protect nonsmokers. Effective interventions, such as a combination of smoke-free laws, tobacco price increases, easy access to tobacco cessation treatments, and anti-tobacco media campaigns, should continue. Reducing tobacco use would be a major step towards the goal of decreasing health disparities by 2030 as 80% of the projected tobacco-related deaths will occur in low- and middle-income countries.
吸烟已被全球公认为主要可预防的致病因素，每年导致 600 万人死亡，其中 30%归因于癌症。目前，吸烟对健康的负面影响是最大的公共卫生挑战之一。二手烟在 2004 年被国际癌症研究机构宣布为致癌物质，也是非吸烟者（尤其是儿童）发病率和过早死亡的主要原因。与接触二手烟相关的负面健康影响已有充分记录，包括肺癌、心血管疾病、哮喘和其他呼吸道疾病。实施具有成本效益的控烟策略的国际和国家政策将对人口健康产生重大影响，并保护不吸烟者。应继续采取有效的干预措施，如实施无烟法律、提高烟草价格、方便获得戒烟治疗以及开展反烟草媒体宣传活动。减少烟草使用将是实现到 2030 年减少健康差距目标的重要一步，因为预计 80%的与烟草相关的死亡将发生在低收入和中等收入国家。
