Department of Sociology, ICS Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Eur J Public Health. 2013 Feb;23(1):33-9. doi: 10.1093/eurpub/cks039. Epub 2012 Jun 8.
Several studies have shown the positive effect of neighbourhood social capital on health. Existing research, however, has hitherto not studied whether the duration and intensity of exposure to neighbourhood social capital conditions and its effect on health. The aim of this study was to examine whether neighbourhood social capital affects individual's health immediately and equally.
We used two waves of the Dutch cross-sectional 'Housing and Living Survey'. One (from 2009) as individual data (n = 65,990), and the other (from 2006) to estimate with ecometric measurements a social capital measure for 3001 Dutch neighbourhoods. We assessed by means of multilevel regression models the combined effect of exposure and amount of neighbourhood social capital on self-rated health.
Duration of exposure, measured by the length of stay in the same neighbourhood is not linearly associated with individual health. Health of people who live up to 6 years or >22 years in the same neighbourhood is not affected by neighbourhood social capital. People with young children in the household or elderly were assumed to be more intensively exposed. However, exposure intensity was only found to have an effect for households with young children.
Duration and intensity of exposure to neighbourhood social capital, a social aspect of the environment, matters for people's health. Interventions focusing on the health of people with young children may want to stimulate the creation of neighbourhood social capital.
多项研究表明邻里社会资本对健康有积极影响。然而，现有研究尚未研究接触邻里社会资本的持续时间和强度及其对健康的影响。本研究旨在检验邻里社会资本是否会立即且平等地影响个体的健康。
我们使用了荷兰横断面“住房和生活调查”的两波数据。第一波（来自 2009 年）为个体数据（n=65990），第二波（来自 2006 年）用于使用生态计量学测量方法为 3001 个荷兰街区估计社会资本指标。我们通过多水平回归模型评估了暴露和邻里社会资本数量对自评健康的综合影响。
暴露的持续时间（通过在同一街区居住的时间长度来衡量）与个体健康没有线性关联。居住在同一街区 6 年或 22 年以上的人的健康不受邻里社会资本的影响。家中有小孩或老人的人被认为接触更频繁。然而，只有有小孩的家庭才发现接触强度对健康有影响。
邻里社会资本的暴露持续时间和强度，即环境的社会方面，对人们的健康很重要。关注有小孩的人的健康的干预措施可能希望刺激邻里社会资本的创造。
