Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Starkville, 39762, USA.
Cell Tissue Res. 2012 Sep;349(3):783-93. doi: 10.1007/s00441-012-1452-2. Epub 2012 Jun 13.
Fertilization of an egg by a spermatozoon sets the stage for mammalian development. Viable sperm are a prerequisite for successful fertilization and beyond. Spermatozoa have a unique cell structure where haploid genomic DNA is located in a tiny cytoplasmic space in the head, mitochondria in the midpiece and then the tail, all enclosed by several layers of membrane. Proteins in sperm play vital roles in motility, capacitation, fertilization, egg activation and embryo development. Molecular defects in these proteins are associated with low fertility or in some cases, infertility. This review will first summarize genesis, molecular anatomy and physiology of spermatozoa, fertilization, embryogenesis and then those proteins playing important roles in various aspects of sperm physiology.
精子使卵子受精为哺乳动物的发育奠定了基础。有活力的精子是受精成功的前提条件。精子具有独特的细胞结构，其中单倍体基因组 DNA 位于头部的微小细胞质空间中，线粒体位于中段，然后是尾部，所有这些都被几层膜包裹着。精子中的蛋白质在运动、获能、受精、卵子激活和胚胎发育中发挥着重要作用。这些蛋白质的分子缺陷与低生育力或在某些情况下的不育有关。这篇综述将首先总结精子的发生、分子解剖和生理学、受精、胚胎发生，然后总结在精子生理学各个方面发挥重要作用的蛋白质。
