Marrocco-Trischitta M M, Bertoglio L, Tshomba Y, Kahlberg A, Marone E M, Chiesa R
Department of Vascular Surgery, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Università Vita-Salute, San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.
J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino). 2012 Jun;53(3):307-12.
Occlusion of the infrarenal aorta (IAO) represents from 3% to 8.5% of aortoiliac occlusive diseases, and is a variant of TransAtlantic Inter-Society Consensus (TASC) Type D lesions. Two different patterns of IAO can be identified: Distal and proximal, or iuxtarenal. The former typically spares the origin of the inferior mesenteric artery, and is associated with the classic Leriche clinical triad. The latter extends cephalad approaching the level of the renal arteries, and may also cause acute renal failure, intestinal infarction, and even paraplegia due to the proximal propagation of aortic thrombosis. Endovascular treatment for TASC Type C and D lesions as a whole provides impressive results in terms of periprocedural morbidity, secondary patency rates, and of course less invasivity in comparison to open surgery. However, when complete aortic occlusions, and particularly juxtarenal occlusion, are specifically addressed, the reported results are in fact sobering, both in terms of technical success rates, and perioperative complications. Surgery repair of juxtarenal aortic occlusion, namely aortic endarterectomy and bypass grafting, is a challenging procedure that requires almost invariably aortic cross-clamping above the level of the renal arteries, and may be associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Nevertheless, it currently provides unmatched perioperative and long-term results, and should be regarded as the treatment of choice.
肾下腹主动脉闭塞(IAO)占主髂动脉闭塞性疾病的3%至8.5%,是跨大西洋跨学会共识(TASC)D型病变的一种变体。可识别出两种不同类型的IAO:远端型和近端型,即肾旁型。前者通常不累及肠系膜下动脉的起源,与经典的勒里什临床三联征相关。后者向上延伸至肾动脉水平,也可能由于主动脉血栓形成的近端蔓延而导致急性肾衰竭、肠梗死甚至截瘫。总体而言,针对TASC C型和D型病变的血管内治疗在围手术期发病率、继发通畅率方面取得了令人瞩目的成果,当然与开放手术相比,侵入性更小。然而,当专门处理完全性主动脉闭塞,尤其是肾旁闭塞时,无论是技术成功率还是围手术期并发症,所报道的结果实际上都令人清醒。肾旁主动脉闭塞的手术修复,即主动脉内膜切除术和旁路移植术,是一项具有挑战性的手术,几乎总是需要在肾动脉水平以上进行主动脉交叉钳夹,并且可能伴有显著的发病率和死亡率。尽管如此,它目前提供了无与伦比的围手术期和长期效果,应被视为首选治疗方法。