Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
Burns. 2012 Nov;38(7):1051-7. doi: 10.1016/j.burns.2012.02.027. Epub 2012 Jun 13.
To evaluate the role of the chemical burns caused by hydroxide ion in the fatal effects of tetramethylammonium ion (TMA) in dermal exposure to tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH), we conducted a rat study consisting of two-step treatments with dermal exposure to NaOH and tetramethylammonium chloride (TMACl).
In the first step, NaOH or saline was administered in the gauze on the shaved skin for 5 min, and in the second step, TMAH, TMACl, or saline was administered in the same way. The mean blood pressure (MBP), heart rate (HR), and survival in rats were compared among seven groups.
Dermal exposure to saline and then 2.75 M TMACl introduced limited and temporary non-fatal effects. Exposure to 2.75 M NaOH and then saline had almost no effects and caused no deaths. Treatments with more concentrated NaOH or TMACl resulted in suppressions of MBP and HR, and deaths were observed after the dosing of TMACl.
The toxicity of dermal exposure to TMA alone is limited, but fatal effects can be introduced by pre-treatment with hydroxide ion. Therefore, the chemical burn caused by hydroxide ion plays an essential role in the toxicity, implicating that effective neutralizing may help decreasing the fatality rate.
评估氢氧根离子在四甲基氢氧化铵（TMAH）经皮暴露致四甲基铵离子（TMA）中毒致死效应中的作用，为此我们开展了一项大鼠研究，该研究采用两步法经皮暴露于 NaOH 和四甲基氯化铵（TMACl）。
第一步，将 NaOH 或生理盐水用纱布敷于剃毛皮肤 5 分钟；第二步，同样方法给予 TMAH、TMACl 或生理盐水。比较七组大鼠的平均血压（MBP）、心率（HR）和存活率。
经皮暴露于生理盐水，然后再暴露于 2.75 M TMACl，仅引起有限的、暂时的非致死性效应。暴露于 2.75 M NaOH 后再暴露于生理盐水几乎没有影响，也不会导致死亡。用更高浓度的 NaOH 或 TMACl 处理会导致 MBP 和 HR 抑制，且 TMACl 给药后会出现死亡。
单独经皮暴露于 TMA 的毒性有限，但经氢氧根离子预处理会导致致命效应。因此，氢氧根离子引起的化学烧伤在毒性中起重要作用，这意味着有效的中和处理可能有助于降低死亡率。
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