Bland Amy R, Schaefer Alexandre
Neuroscience and Psychiatry Unit, University of Manchester Manchester, UK.
Front Neurosci. 2012 Jun 8;6:85. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2012.00085. eCollection 2012.
The study of uncertainty in decision-making is receiving greater attention in the fields of cognitive and computational neuroscience. Several lines of evidence are beginning to elucidate different variants of uncertainty. Particularly, risk, ambiguity, and expected and unexpected forms of uncertainty are well articulated in the literature. In this article we review both empirical and theoretical evidence arguing for the potential distinction between three forms of uncertainty; expected uncertainty, unexpected uncertainty, and volatility. Particular attention will be devoted to exploring the distinction between unexpected uncertainty and volatility which has been less appreciated in the literature. This includes evidence mainly from neuroimaging, neuromodulation, and electrophysiological studies. We further address the possible differentiation of cognitive control mechanisms used to deal with these forms of uncertainty. Finally, we explore whether the dual modes of control theory provides a theoretical framework for understanding the distinction between unexpected uncertainty and volatility.
决策中的不确定性研究在认知神经科学和计算神经科学领域正受到越来越多的关注。几条证据线索开始阐明不确定性的不同变体。特别是，风险、模糊性以及预期和意外形式的不确定性在文献中已有详尽阐述。在本文中，我们回顾了支持三种不确定性形式（预期不确定性、意外不确定性和波动性）之间可能存在区别的实证和理论证据。将特别关注探讨意外不确定性和波动性之间的区别，而这一点在文献中较少受到重视。这包括主要来自神经影像学、神经调节和电生理研究的证据。我们还将探讨用于处理这些不确定性形式的认知控制机制的可能差异。最后，我们探究双模式控制理论是否为理解意外不确定性和波动性之间的区别提供了一个理论框架。
