髓鞘快速迁移脑苷脂的结构和功能作用：在多发性硬化症中的病理重要性。
The structural and functional role of myelin fast-migrating cerebrosides: pathological importance in multiple sclerosis.
作者信息
Podbielska Maria, Levery Steven B, Hogan Edward L
机构信息
Institute of Molecular Medicine & Genetics, Department of Neurology, Georgia Health Sciences University, 1120 15th Street, Building CB2803, Augusta, GA 30912-2620, USA.
出版信息
Clin Lipidol. 2011 Apr;6(2):159-179. doi: 10.2217/clp.11.8.
A family of neutral glycosphingolipids containing a 3-O-acetyl-sphingosine galactosylceramide (3-SAG) has been characterized. Seven new derivatives of galactosylceramide (GalCer), designated as fast-migrating cerebrosides (FMCs) by TLC retention factor, have been identified. The simplest compounds - FMC-1 and FMC-2 - of this series have been characterized as the 3-SAG containing nonhydroxy and hydroxy fatty acyl, respectively. The next two - FMC-3 and FMC-4 - add 6-O-acetyl-galactose and the most complex glycosphingolipids, FMC-5, -6 and -7, are 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-3-SAG. These hydrophobic myelin lipid biomarkers coappear with GalCer during myelinogenesis and disappear along with GalCer in de- or dys-myelinating disorders. Myelin lipid antigens, including FMCs, are keys to myelin biology, opening the possibility of new and novel immune modulatory tools for treatment of autoimmune diseases including multiple sclerosis.
已鉴定出一族含有3 - O - 乙酰 - 鞘氨醇半乳糖神经酰胺（3 - SAG）的中性糖鞘脂。通过薄层色谱保留因子，已鉴定出七种新的半乳糖神经酰胺（GalCer）衍生物，在薄层色谱中被指定为快速迁移脑苷脂（FMC）。该系列中最简单的化合物——FMC - 1和FMC - 2——分别被鉴定为含有非羟基和羟基脂肪酰基的3 - SAG。接下来的两种——FMC - 3和FMC - 4——添加了6 - O - 乙酰 - 半乳糖，而最复杂的糖鞘脂FMC - 5、 - 6和 - 7是2,3,4,6 - 四 - O - 乙酰 - 3 - SAG。这些疏水性髓磷脂脂质生物标志物在髓鞘形成过程中与GalCer同时出现，并在脱髓鞘或髓鞘发育异常疾病中与GalCer一起消失。包括FMC在内的髓磷脂脂质抗原是髓鞘生物学的关键，为治疗包括多发性硬化症在内的自身免疫性疾病开辟了新的免疫调节工具的可能性。
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