Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Athens, GA 30605, USA.
Avian Pathol. 2012;41(3):251-8. doi: 10.1080/03079457.2012.675051.
Technology for infectious agent detection continues to evolve, particularly molecular methods that first emerged in the mid-1970s. The goals of new technology in diagnostics, whether in humans or in animals, including poultry, are to achieve the highest sensitivity and specificity possible to accurately identify the infection status of an individual or flock in the shortest time possible. Ease of use, low cost and increased information from a single test (e.g. multiplexing) are also critical areas frequently targeted for improvement. New tests and modifications of current tests are reported often, and diagnostic tests are now commonly developed by commercial companies. As one would expect, most advances in diagnostic technology are applied first to human health, and then may be adapted to animal health if practical. In the present review the trends and novel innovative technologies in primarily viral diagnostics are reviewed and the practicality of these methods and application for poultry health are discussed briefly. Also, influenza will seem to be over-represented in viral diagnostics since it is frequently used as a proof-of-concept target for novel technology due to its importance for animal and public health. Finally, the review is intended to be a brief survey of some of the innovative diagnostic technologies reported in recent years. It is not entirely comprehensive of all technology and the author makes no claims or endorsements of any of the technology or products mentioned.
传染病原体检测技术不断发展，特别是 20 世纪 70 年代中期首次出现的分子方法。无论是在人类还是在动物（包括家禽）中，新诊断技术的目标都是尽可能达到最高的灵敏度和特异性，以便在最短的时间内准确识别个体或群体的感染状态。易于使用、低成本和从单个测试中获得更多信息也是经常需要改进的关键领域。新的测试和当前测试的修改经常被报道，诊断测试现在通常由商业公司开发。正如人们所预期的那样，诊断技术的大多数进展首先应用于人类健康，如果实际可行，然后可能适用于动物健康。在本综述中，主要对病毒诊断方面的趋势和新颖创新技术进行了综述，并简要讨论了这些方法的实用性及其在家禽健康中的应用。此外，由于流感对动物和公共卫生的重要性，它经常被用作新技术的概念验证目标，因此在病毒诊断中似乎过于突出。最后，该综述旨在简要调查近年来报道的一些创新诊断技术。它并非涵盖所有技术，作者对所提到的任何技术或产品均不做任何声明或认可。
