International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
J Agric Food Chem. 2012 Jul 11;60(27):6913-9. doi: 10.1021/jf3021128. Epub 2012 Jun 26.
Phthalate esters are used in a wide variety of consumer products, and human exposure to this class of compounds is widespread. Nevertheless, studies on dietary exposure of humans to phthalates are limited. In this study, nine phthalate esters were analyzed in eight categories of foodstuffs (n = 78) collected from Harbin and Shanghai, China, in 2011. Dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP), benzyl butyl phthalate (BzBP), and diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) were frequently detected in food samples. DEHP was the major compound found in most of the food samples, with concentrations that ranged from below the limit of quantification (LOQ) to 762 ng/g wet weight (wt). The concentrations of phthalates in food samples from China were comparable to concentrations reported for several other countries, but the profiles were different; DMP was found more frequently in Chinese foods than in foods from other countries. The estimated daily dietary intake of phthalates (EDIdiet) was calculated based on the concentrations measured and the daily ingestion rates of food items. The EDIdiet values for DMP, DEP, DIBP, DBP, BzBP, and DEHP (based on mean concentrations) were 0.092, 0.051, 0.505, 0.703, 0.022, and 1.60 μg/kg-bw/d, respectively, for Chinese adults. The EDIdiet values calculated for phthalates were below the reference doses suggested by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Comparison of total daily intakes, reported previously based on a biomonitoring study, with the current dietary intake estimates suggests that diet is the main source of DEHP exposure in China. Nevertheless, diet accounted for only <10% of the total exposure to DMP, DEP, DBP, and DIBP, which suggested the existence of other sources of exposure to these phthalates.
酞酸酯广泛应用于各种消费产品，人类接触此类化合物的情况也很普遍。然而，有关人类饮食中酞酸酯暴露的研究有限。本研究分析了 2011 年从中国哈尔滨和上海采集的 8 类食品中的 9 种酞酸酯（n = 78）。邻苯二甲酸二甲酯（DMP）、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯（DEP）、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯（DBP）、邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯（DIBP）、苯丁基丁基邻苯二甲酸酯（BzBP）和邻苯二甲酸二（2-乙基己基）酯（DEHP）在食品样品中经常被检测到。DEHP 是大多数食品样品中主要的化合物，浓度范围从低于定量限（LOQ）到 762ng/g 湿重（wt）。中国食品中邻苯二甲酸酯的浓度与其他几个国家的报告浓度相当，但分布情况不同；DMP 在中国人食用的食品中比在其他国家的食品中更常见。根据所测浓度和食物每日摄入量，计算了邻苯二甲酸酯的估计每日膳食摄入量（EDIdiet）。以平均浓度为基础，DMP、DEP、DIBP、DBP、BzBP 和 DEHP 的 EDIdiet 值分别为中国成年人 0.092、0.051、0.505、0.703、0.022 和 1.60μg/kg-bw/d。根据美国环境保护署（EPA）的建议，计算出的邻苯二甲酸酯 EDIdiet 值低于参考剂量。根据一项生物监测研究报告的每日总摄入量与目前饮食摄入量估计值的比较表明，饮食是中国 DEHP 暴露的主要来源。然而，饮食仅占 DMP、DEP、DBP 和 DIBP 总暴露量的<10%，这表明存在其他来源的暴露。
