Dautzenberg B, Antoun F
Service de Pneumologie et de Réanimation Respiratoire, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris.
Rev Mal Respir. 1990;7(6):505-15.
The lung is directly affected by HIV virus early in the disease and is the site of a specific lymphocytic alveolitis. Neoplastic pulmonary disease linked to the virus occurs (Kaposi sarcoma, lymphoma and epidermoid tumour) but it is principally following opportunistic infections that patients with AIDS come under the care of a respiratory physician. Certain of the responsible infectious agents causing opportunistic pneumonia are probably present in a latent fashion before the disease presents and are reactivated by the immuno-depression. They may occur successively such as tuberculosis, toxoplasmosis (in this case pulmonary), infection to CMV and pneumocystis. Other infectious agents are transported by the environment and lead to recurrent bacterial infections, mycotic infections or infections with atypical mycobacteria. The clinical management of these different diseases has advanced greatly from a diagnostic therapeutic prophylactic and curative viewpoint.
在疾病早期，肺部就会直接受到艾滋病毒的影响，是特定淋巴细胞性肺泡炎的发病部位。与该病毒相关的肺部肿瘤性疾病会发生（卡波西肉瘤、淋巴瘤和表皮样肿瘤），但主要是在机会性感染之后，艾滋病患者才会由呼吸内科医生诊治。某些导致机会性肺炎的致病病原体可能在疾病出现之前以潜伏形式存在，并因免疫抑制而重新激活。它们可能相继发生，如肺结核、弓形虫病（这种情况下为肺部感染）、巨细胞病毒感染和肺孢子菌感染。其他感染源则通过环境传播，导致复发性细菌感染、真菌感染或非典型分枝杆菌感染。从诊断、治疗、预防和治愈的角度来看，这些不同疾病的临床管理已经取得了很大进展。
