Biosca Pàmies M, Rodríguez Martínez G, Samper Villagrasa M P, Odriozola Grijalba M, Cuadrón Andrés L, Álvarez Sauras M L, Moreno Aznar L A, Olivares López J L
Departamento de Pediatría, Radiología y Medicina Física, Universidad de Zaragoza, Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, España.
An Pediatr (Barc). 2013 Jan;78(1):14-20. doi: 10.1016/j.anpedi.2012.05.002. Epub 2012 Jun 15.
Being born small for gestational age (SGA) has short and long term risks. The aim of this study was to describe perinatal and socio-cultural characteristics, and the pattern of growth and diet of SGA infants during their first 6 months of life.
Anthropometry and diet were evaluated during six months in a representative sample of 1596 newborns the population of Aragon (Spain).
Mothers of SGA (N=94) infants gained less weight during pregnancy (10.5±5.8 vs 12.0±5.07 kg, P=.012), gestational age at birth was lower (37.84±1.7 vs 39.06±1.6 weeks, P<.001), and the probability of cesarean delivery was higher (37.2% vs 20.5%, P=.001). The height of the mother was lower in the SGA group (1.61±0.58 vs 1.63±0.06 metres, P=.004), but their body mass index was similar. No differences were found between groups in social or cultural aspects. Mothers of SGA infants smoked more during pregnancy (32.3% vs 18.5%, P=.003) (RR = 1.92; 95% CI; 1.31 to 3.02). Infants born SGA remained smaller during the first 6 months of life, and the monthly weight gain was similar to the rest. In the SGA group, the prevalence of breastfeeding was lower at 4 months of age (54.9% vs 68.2%, RR = 0.58, 95% CI; 0.38 to 0.89).
Infants born SGA are more likely to converge a number of characteristics that must be considered together because they may lead to health risks. SGA do not show a rapid recovery pattern of postnatal growth, and their smaller size persists at six months.
小于胎龄儿（SGA）出生存在短期和长期风险。本研究的目的是描述SGA婴儿出生后前6个月的围产期和社会文化特征，以及生长和饮食模式。
对来自西班牙阿拉贡地区具有代表性的1596名新生儿样本进行了为期6个月的人体测量和饮食评估。
SGA婴儿（N = 94）的母亲孕期体重增加较少（10.5±5.8 vs 12.0±5.07 kg，P = 0.012），出生时孕周较低（37.84±1.7 vs 39.06±1.6周，P < 0.001），剖宫产概率较高（37.2% vs 20.5%，P = 0.001）。SGA组母亲的身高较低（1.61±0.58 vs 1.63±0.06米，P = 0.004），但她们的体重指数相似。两组在社会或文化方面未发现差异。SGA婴儿的母亲孕期吸烟更多（32.3% vs 18.5%，P = 0.003）（相对危险度 = 1.92；95%可信区间；1.31至3.02）。出生时为SGA的婴儿在出生后前6个月仍然较小，每月体重增加与其他婴儿相似。在SGA组，4个月大时母乳喂养的患病率较低（54.9% vs 68.2%，相对危险度 = 0.58，95%可信区间；0.38至0.89）。
出生时为SGA的婴儿更有可能具有一些必须综合考虑的特征，因为它们可能导致健康风险。SGA婴儿出生后没有快速的生长恢复模式，并且在6个月时仍然较小。
