Office of Medical History, HQ MEDCOM, 2748 Worth Rd, Fort Sam Houston, TX 78234-6000, USA.
J Natl Med Assoc. 2012 Jan-Feb;104(1-2):96-103. doi: 10.1016/s0027-9684(15)33513-6.
Before World War II, the Army had no African American medical units and no plans on how to utilize African American personnel. A first plan to sideline blacks into menial support positions was implemented but then overruled in the middle of the war. Separate units were formed, which performed some support functions, but also focused on preventive medicine work--mainly, insect control. Other duties included cross-loading litter patients in the evacuation chain, a laborious but morale-boosting job for which some units received commendations. Several ambulance companies were organized, performing solidly. In the face of official disapprobation and disinterest in African Americans serving, the men of these units sought to contribute to the war effort and took pride in doing their best.
第二次世界大战前，陆军没有非裔美国人的医疗单位，也没有利用非裔美国人的计划。最初的计划是将黑人边缘化到低贱的支持岗位，但在战争中期被推翻。随后成立了一些单独的单位，这些单位承担了一些支援职能，但也专注于预防医学工作，主要是控制昆虫。其他职责包括在撤离链中交叉装载伤员，这是一项艰苦但能鼓舞士气的工作，一些单位因此获得了表彰。还组织了几个救护车连，表现出色。面对官方的不赞成和对非裔美国人服务的不感兴趣，这些单位的人员试图为战争做出贡献，并为尽自己最大努力而感到自豪。
