Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA.
Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Integrative Legume Research, Melbourne School of Land and Environment, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
New Phytol. 2012 Aug;195(3):560-573. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2012.04199.x. Epub 2012 Jun 20.
Genomic assay of sperm cell RNA provides insight into functional control, modes of regulation, and contributions of male gametes to double fertilization. Sperm cells of rice (Oryza sativa) were isolated from field-grown, disease-free plants and RNA was processed for use with the full-genome Affymetrix microarray. Comparison with Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) reference arrays confirmed expressionally distinct gene profiles. A total of 10,732 distinct gene sequences were detected in sperm cells, of which 1668 were not expressed in pollen or seedlings. Pathways enriched in male germ cells included ubiquitin-mediated pathways, pathways involved in chromatin modeling including histones, histone modification and nonhistone epigenetic modification, and pathways related to RNAi and gene silencing. Genome-wide expression patterns in angiosperm sperm cells indicate common and divergent themes in the male germline that appear to be largely self-regulating through highly up-regulated chromatin modification pathways. A core of highly conserved genes appear common to all sperm cells, but evidence is still emerging that another class of genes have diverged in expression between monocots and dicots since their divergence. Sperm cell transcripts present at fusion may be transmitted through plasmogamy during double fertilization to effect immediate post-fertilization expression of early embryo and (or) endosperm development.
精子细胞 RNA 的基因组分析为功能调控、调控模式以及雄性配子对双受精的贡献提供了新的见解。从田间生长的无病植株中分离出水稻（Oryza sativa）的精子细胞，并对其 RNA 进行处理，以用于全基因组 Affymetrix 微阵列分析。与基因表达综合数据库（GEO）参考阵列的比较证实了表达上不同的基因谱。在精子细胞中检测到了 10732 个独特的基因序列，其中 1668 个在花粉或幼苗中不表达。富含雄性生殖细胞的途径包括泛素介导的途径、涉及染色质建模的途径，包括组蛋白、组蛋白修饰和非组蛋白表观遗传修饰，以及与 RNAi 和基因沉默相关的途径。被子植物精子细胞的全基因组表达模式表明，雄性生殖细胞中存在共同和不同的主题，这些主题似乎主要通过高度上调的染色质修饰途径进行自我调节。一组高度保守的基因似乎对所有精子细胞都通用，但仍有证据表明，自它们分化以来，另一类基因在单子叶植物和双子叶植物之间的表达上已经出现了分化。在融合时存在的精子细胞转录本可能通过质体融合在双受精过程中传递，从而影响早期胚胎和（或）胚乳发育的受精后立即表达。
