Neuroinflammation Research Center, Department of Neuroscience, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
Immunol Rev. 2012 Jul;248(1):228-39. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-065X.2012.01127.x.
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is the brain-specific capillary barrier that is critical for preventing toxic substances from entering the central nervous system (CNS). In contrast to vessels of peripheral organs, the BBB limits the exchange of inflammatory cells and mediators under physiological and pathological conditions. Clarifying these limitations and the role of chemokines in regulating the BBB would provide new insights into neuroprotective strategies in neuroinflammatory diseases. Because there is a paucity of in vitro BBB models, however, some mechanistic aspects of transmigration across the BBB still remain largely unknown. In this review, we summarize current knowledge of BBB cellular components, the multistep process of inflammatory cells crossing the BBB, functions of CNS-derived chemokines, and in vitro BBB models for transmigration, with a particular focus on new and recent findings.
血脑屏障（BBB）是一种大脑特异性毛细血管屏障，对于防止有害物质进入中枢神经系统（CNS）至关重要。与外周器官的血管不同，BBB 在生理和病理条件下限制炎症细胞和介质的交换。阐明这些限制以及趋化因子在调节 BBB 中的作用，将为神经炎症性疾病的神经保护策略提供新的见解。然而，由于体外 BBB 模型的缺乏，炎症细胞穿过 BBB 的某些迁移机制仍在很大程度上未知。在这篇综述中，我们总结了 BBB 细胞成分、炎症细胞穿过 BBB 的多步骤过程、中枢神经系统来源的趋化因子的功能以及迁移的体外 BBB 模型的最新知识，特别关注新的和最近的发现。
