Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
Environ Mol Mutagen. 2012 Jul;53(6):488-91. doi: 10.1002/em.21707. Epub 2012 Jun 25.
2,5-Dimethylfuran (DMF) is being considered as a potential green transportation biofuel, but there is limited information about its toxicity and safety. We examined DMF toxicity in the bone marrow using a murine in vitro erythropoietic micronucleus assay and found that exposure to DMF (0.1 mM, 1 hr) induced an increase in micronuclei frequency compared with controls. These data suggest that DMF may be genotoxic to hematopoietic cells and that more thorough toxicological studies on DMF should be conducted to ensure public and occupational safety before it is considered a viable biofuel and produced in mass quantities. As well as specific data on DMF, our study further validates an in vitro cell culture system that captures the essential features of the in vivo mammalian micronucleus genotoxicity assay, enabling increased throughput and controlled studies on hematopoietic DNA damage response, while reducing animal sacrifice. In vitro assays, such as the in vitro micronucleus assay, will be essential as international chemical policy is increasingly utilizing green chemistry principles that require more toxicological testing.
2,5-二甲基呋喃（DMF）正被视为一种有潜力的绿色交通生物燃料，但关于其毒性和安全性的信息有限。我们使用小鼠体外红细胞微核试验研究了 DMF 的骨髓毒性，发现与对照组相比，DMF（0.1mM，1 小时）暴露会导致微核频率增加。这些数据表明，DMF 可能对造血细胞具有遗传毒性，在将其视为可行的生物燃料并大量生产之前，应该对 DMF 进行更彻底的毒理学研究，以确保公众和职业安全。除了关于 DMF 的具体数据外，我们的研究还进一步验证了一种体外细胞培养系统，该系统捕捉了体内哺乳动物微核遗传毒性试验的基本特征，从而能够提高通量并对造血 DNA 损伤反应进行可控研究，同时减少动物牺牲。体外试验，如体外微核试验，在国际化学政策越来越多地利用绿色化学原则的情况下将至关重要，这些原则需要进行更多的毒理学测试。
