Karila Laurent, Petit Aymeric, Cottencin Olivier, Coscas Sarah, Reynaud Michel
Centre d'enseignement, de recherche et de traitement des addictions, hôpital Paul-Brousse, AP-HP, université Paris-Sud-11, CEA-Inserm U1000, 94804 Villejuif Cedex.
Rev Prat. 2012 May;62(5):664-6.
Designer drugs include, among others, synthetic cannabinoids and synthetic cathinones. These new "legal highs" drugs are sold on line for recreational public or private use. Synthetic cannabinoids are a psychoactive herbal and chemical product that, when used, mimics the effects of cannabis. Cathinone is a naturally occurring betaketone amphetamine analogue found in the leaves of the Catha edulis plant. Synthetic cathinones are phenylalkylamines derivatives, and may possess both amphetamine-like properties. They are often sold as "bath salts" or "plant food" and labeled "not for human consumption" to circumvent drug abuse legislation. The absence of legal risks, the ease of obtaining these drugs, the moderate cost, and the avaibility via Internet are the main criteria attracting the user. There is evidence that negative health and social consequences may occur in recreational and chronic users. The addictive potential of designer drugs is not weak. Furthermore, there is a lack of epidemiological, pharmacological, animal, clinical, psychological and therapeutic data concerning these new synthetic agents.
新型毒品包括合成大麻素和合成卡西酮等。这些新型“合法兴奋剂”类毒品在网上售卖，供公众或私人娱乐使用。合成大麻素是一种精神活性草本和化学产品，使用时会模拟大麻的效果。卡西酮是一种天然存在的β-酮苯丙胺类似物，存在于巧茶属植物的叶子中。合成卡西酮是苯烷基胺衍生物，可能具有类似苯丙胺的特性。它们常被作为“浴盐”或“植物肥料”出售，并标注“非人类食用”以规避药物滥用法规。没有法律风险、获取这些毒品容易、成本适中以及可通过互联网获得，是吸引使用者的主要因素。有证据表明，娱乐性和长期使用者可能会出现负面的健康和社会后果。新型毒品的成瘾潜力并不弱。此外，关于这些新型合成毒品，缺乏流行病学、药理学、动物、临床、心理和治疗方面的数据。
