Division of STD Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2012 Sep;21(9):910-6. doi: 10.1089/jwh.2011.3441. Epub 2012 Jun 25.
Since Food and Drug Administration (FDA) licensure of emergency contraception (EC) over-the-counter (OTC) in 2006, this is the first U.S. study to use a nationally representative sample of reproductive-aged women (15-44) to explore the relationship between receipt and use of EC and sexually transmitted infection (STI)-related health services.
Using a sample of 6329 women from the National Survey of Family Growth 2006-2008, we examined the relationship between lifetime EC use and recent receipt of EC and demographics, sexual behaviors, and STI-related services. Variables significant at p<0.10 in bivariate analyses were examined using multivariable logistic regression models.
Overall, 10% (704) of the sample had ever used EC. Most EC users had received EC from a family planning clinic (51%), drugstore (23%), or doctor's office (17%). In adjusted analyses, demographic factors associated with receipt of EC in the past 12 months included never married (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 4.0) and living in a metropolitan statistical area (AOR 4.2). Women reporting multiple partners (2+) (AOR 2.4), inconsistent condom use (AOR 3.4), and having recently been tested for chlamydia (AOR 2.0) had higher odds of receiving EC in the past 12 months. Findings among women ever reporting EC use were similar, except women who had 4+ lifetime partners (AOR 2.5) and had recently received a chlamydia diagnosis (AOR 2.2) had higher odds of ever having used EC.
EC recipients were no more likely than nonrecipients to have received STI counseling or screening despite greater numbers of sex partners in the past year. This research indicates that women are accessing EC in pharmacies, which may be a missed opportunity for counseling and testing.
自 2006 年食品和药物管理局（FDA）批准紧急避孕（EC）非处方（OTC）以来，这是第一项使用全国代表性育龄妇女（15-44 岁）样本的美国研究，旨在探讨接受和使用 EC 与性传播感染（STI）相关健康服务之间的关系。
使用 2006-2008 年全国家庭增长调查的 6329 名女性样本，我们检查了一生中使用 EC 的情况以及最近是否收到 EC 以及人口统计学、性行为和与 STI 相关的服务之间的关系。在单变量分析中具有统计学意义（p<0.10）的变量使用多变量逻辑回归模型进行检查。
总体而言，样本中 10%（704）的人曾使用过 EC。大多数 EC 用户曾在计划生育诊所（51%）、药店（23%）或医生办公室（17%）获得 EC。在调整分析中，过去 12 个月内获得 EC 的人口统计学因素包括未婚（调整后的优势比 [AOR] 4.0）和居住在大都市区（AOR 4.2）。报告有多个性伴侣（2+）的女性（AOR 2.4）、不一致使用避孕套的女性（AOR 3.4）和最近接受过衣原体检测的女性（AOR 2.0）过去 12 个月内获得 EC 的可能性更高。曾经报告过 EC 使用情况的女性的发现相似，除了过去 4 个以上伴侣（AOR 2.5）和最近被诊断出衣原体感染（AOR 2.2）的女性使用 EC 的可能性更高。
尽管过去一年中性伴侣数量较多，但接受 EC 的女性与未接受 EC 的女性相比，接受性传播感染咨询或筛查的可能性并不高。这项研究表明，女性正在药店获得 EC，这可能是咨询和检测的错失机会。
