Hahn Noel G, Isaacs Rufus
Department of Entomology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA.
Environ Entomol. 2012 Jun;41(3):455-62. doi: 10.1603/EN12002.
The blueberry gall midge, Dasineura oxycoccana Johnson, is a serious pest of rabbiteye blueberries in Florida, Georgia, and Mississippi, and a potential pest of southern and northern highbush blueberries. Its damage has been observed with increasing frequency in highbush blueberry plantings in the Great Lakes region, including in Wisconsin and in Michigan. Unlike in rabbiteye blueberry plantings, where blueberry gall midge primarily damages flowering buds, it is found to damage only the vegetative shoots of northern highbush blueberry. In this study, farms throughout Michigan were surveyed for the presence of blueberry gall midge and it was found in 43 of 46 sampled farms in 11 counties. From 2009-2011, several monitoring techniques, including yellow sticky traps, emergence traps, observational sampling, and vegetative shoot dissections were used to determine the ecology of this species in blueberry fields in southwest Michigan. Emergence traps were most useful in early detection of blueberry gall midge in April, and observational sampling for damage symptoms and vegetative shoot dissections revealed multiple population peaks throughout July and August. Infestation was detected in vegetative shoot tips in all parts of the bushes, with initial infestation greatest at the base of bushes. Degree day accumulations until first midge detection and peak infestation suggest some potential for predicting key events in the pest's phenology. This information about the distribution and timing of infestation will be useful in developing management strategies for blueberry gall midge infestation.
蓝莓瘿蚊（Dasineura oxycoccana Johnson）是佛罗里达州、佐治亚州和密西西比州兔眼蓝莓的一种严重害虫，也是南部和北部高丛蓝莓的潜在害虫。在包括威斯康星州和密歇根州在内的五大湖地区的高丛蓝莓种植园中，其造成的损害被观察到的频率越来越高。与兔眼蓝莓种植园不同，在兔眼蓝莓种植园中蓝莓瘿蚊主要损害花芽，而在北部高丛蓝莓中发现它只损害营养枝。在本研究中，对密歇根州各地的农场进行了蓝莓瘿蚊调查，在11个县的46个抽样农场中有43个发现了这种害虫。从2009年到2011年，使用了几种监测技术，包括黄色粘虫板、羽化诱捕器、观察性抽样和营养枝解剖，以确定该物种在密歇根州西南部蓝莓田中的生态。羽化诱捕器在4月份早期检测蓝莓瘿蚊方面最有用，对损害症状的观察性抽样和营养枝解剖显示在整个7月和8月有多个种群高峰。在灌木丛各部位的营养枝梢上都检测到了虫害，最初虫害在灌木丛基部最为严重。直到首次检测到瘿蚊和虫害高峰时的度日积累表明在预测该害虫物候学中的关键事件方面具有一定潜力。这些关于虫害分布和时间的信息将有助于制定蓝莓瘿蚊虫害的管理策略。
