Umer Brittany, Good David, Anné Jozef, Duan Wei, Wei Ming Q
School of Medical Science and Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia.
J Toxicol. 2012;2012:862764. doi: 10.1155/2012/862764. Epub 2012 Jun 7.
Solid tumour accounts for 90% of all cancers. The current treatment approach for most solid tumours is surgery, however it is limited to early stage tumours. Other treatment options such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy are non-selective, thus causing damage to both healthy and cancerous tissue. Past research has focused on understanding tumour cells themselves, and conventional wisdom has aimed at targeting these cells directly. Recent research has shifted towards understanding the tumour microenvironment and it's differences from that of healthy cells/tissues in the body and then to exploit these differences for treatmeat of the tumour. One such approach is utilizing anaerobic bacteria. Several strains of bacteria have been shown to selectively colonize in solid tumours, making them valuable tools for selective tumour targeting and destruction. Amongst them, the anaerobic Clostridium has shown great potential in penetration and colonization of the hypoxic and necrotic areas of the tumour microenvironment, causing significant oncolysis as well as enabling the delivery of therapeutics directly to the tumour in situ. Various strategies utilizing Clostridium are currently being investigated, and represent a novel area of emerging cancer therapy. This review provides an update review of tumour microenvironment as well as summary of the progresses and current status of Clostridial spore-based cancer therapies.
实体瘤占所有癌症的90%。目前大多数实体瘤的治疗方法是手术，但仅限于早期肿瘤。化疗和放疗等其他治疗选择是非选择性的，因此会对健康组织和癌组织都造成损害。过去的研究主要集中在了解肿瘤细胞本身，传统观念旨在直接靶向这些细胞。最近的研究已转向了解肿瘤微环境及其与体内健康细胞/组织的差异，然后利用这些差异来治疗肿瘤。一种这样的方法是利用厌氧菌。已证明几种细菌菌株可在实体瘤中选择性定殖，使其成为选择性肿瘤靶向和破坏的有价值工具。其中，厌氧梭菌在肿瘤微环境的缺氧和坏死区域的渗透和定殖方面显示出巨大潜力，可引起显著的肿瘤溶解，并能够将治疗药物直接递送至肿瘤原位。目前正在研究利用梭菌的各种策略，这代表了新兴癌症治疗的一个新领域。本综述提供了肿瘤微环境的最新综述，以及基于梭菌孢子的癌症治疗的进展和现状总结。
