Dept of Paediatrics, University Children's Hospital of Bern, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland.
Eur Respir J. 2013 Feb;41(2):443-52. doi: 10.1183/09031936.00203511. Epub 2012 Jun 27.
Rhinovirus (RV) infections occur early and recurrently in life, imposing a significant burden of disease on infants and young children. They are the most frequent causative agents of both upper and lower respiratory tract infections in this age group and are associated with a broad variety of clinical outcomes, ranging from asymptomatic infections to severe respiratory disease requiring hospitalisation. In addition to their impact on short-term morbidity, RVs are also debated as important pathogens in the development of recurrent wheeze and/or asthma. Several studies in infants at high-risk for atopy and asthma and in hospitalised children have demonstrated that recurrent wheezing illnesses induced by RVs early in life are a risk factor for the development of asthma later in childhood. However, underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. The question whether RVs are directly involved in the development of childhood wheeze and asthma, or whether symptomatic RV infections only represent a proxy for infants prone to develop obstructive lung diseases, is still open. In this review we provide an overview on the role of RVs as important disease-causing agents from infancy to early childhood and discuss their contribution to the subsequent development of childhood wheeze and/or asthma.
鼻病毒（RV）感染在生命早期频繁发生且反复发作，给婴幼儿带来了巨大的疾病负担。它们是该年龄段上下呼吸道感染的最常见病原体，与广泛的临床结果相关，从无症状感染到需要住院治疗的严重呼吸道疾病。除了对短期发病率的影响外，RV 也被认为是反复喘息和/或哮喘发展的重要病原体。一些针对特应性和哮喘高风险婴儿以及住院儿童的研究表明，RV 引起的生命早期反复喘息疾病是儿童后期发展为哮喘的危险因素。然而，其潜在机制尚不清楚。RV 是否直接参与儿童喘息和哮喘的发展，或者有症状的 RV 感染是否仅代表易发生阻塞性肺部疾病的婴儿的一个指标，这仍然是一个悬而未决的问题。在这篇综述中，我们概述了 RV 作为从婴儿期到幼儿期重要病原体的作用，并讨论了它们对儿童喘息和/或哮喘后续发展的贡献。
