Department of Biotechnology, Shree M. & N. Virani Science College, Rajkot, 360005 India.
Indian J Microbiol. 2011 Jul;51(3):403-9. doi: 10.1007/s12088-011-0172-8. Epub 2011 Mar 30.
Yield and productivity are critical for the economics and viability of a bioprocess. In metabolic engineering the main objective is the increase of a target metabolite production through genetic engineering. Metabolic engineering is the practice of optimizing genetic and regulatory processes within cells to increase the production of a certain substance. In the last years, the development of recombinant DNA technology and other related technologies has provided new tools for approaching yields improvement by means of genetic manipulation of biosynthetic pathway. Industrial microorganisms like Escherichia coli, Actinomycetes, etc. have been developed as biocatalysts to provide new or to optimize existing processes for the biotechnological production of chemicals from renewable plant biomass. The factors like oxygenation, temperature and pH have been traditionally controlled and optimized in industrial fermentation in order to enhance metabolite production. Metabolic engineering of bacteria shows a great scope in industrial application as well as such technique may also have good potential to solve certain metabolic disease and environmental problems in near future.
产量和生产力对于生物工艺的经济性和可行性至关重要。在代谢工程中，主要目标是通过基因工程增加目标代谢产物的产量。代谢工程是通过优化细胞内的遗传和调控过程来增加特定物质产量的实践。在过去的几年中，重组 DNA 技术和其他相关技术的发展为通过生物合成途径的遗传操作来提高产量提供了新的工具。工业微生物，如大肠杆菌、放线菌等，已被开发为生物催化剂，为利用可再生植物生物质进行生物技术生产化学品提供新的或优化现有的工艺。在工业发酵中，传统上通过控制和优化氧气、温度和 pH 值等因素来提高代谢产物的产量。细菌的代谢工程在工业应用中具有广阔的前景，该技术也有可能在不久的将来解决某些代谢疾病和环境问题。
