Jørgensen Niels, Joensen Ulla Nordström, Jensen Tina Kold, Jensen Martin Blomberg, Almstrup Kristian, Olesen Inge Ahlmann, Juul Anders, Andersson Anna-Maria, Carlsen Elisabeth, Petersen Jørgen Holm, Toppari Jorma, Skakkebæk Niels E
University Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
BMJ Open. 2012 Jul 2;2(4). doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2012-000990. Print 2012.
Considerable interest and controversy over a possible decline in semen quality during the 20th century raised concern that semen quality could have reached a critically low level where it might affect human reproduction. The authors therefore initiated a study to assess reproductive health in men from the general population and to monitor changes in semen quality over time.
Cross-sectional study of men from the general Danish population. Inclusion criteria were place of residence in the Copenhagen area, and both the man and his mother being born and raised in Denmark. Men with severe or chronic diseases were not included.
Danish one-centre study.
4867 men, median age 19 years, included from 1996 to 2010.
Semen volume, sperm concentration, total sperm count, sperm motility and sperm morphology.
Only 23% of participants had optimal sperm concentration and sperm morphology. Comparing with historic data of men attending a Copenhagen infertility clinic in the 1940s and men who recently became fathers, these two groups had significantly better semen quality than our study group from the general population. Over the 15 years, median sperm concentration increased from 43 to 48 million/ml (p=0.02) and total sperm count from 132 to 151 million (p=0.001). The median percentage of motile spermatozoa and abnormal spermatozoa were 68% and 93%, and did not change during the study period.
This large prospective study of semen quality among young men of the general population showed an increasing trend in sperm concentration and total sperm count. However, only one in four men had optimal semen quality. In addition, one in four will most likely face a prolonged waiting time to pregnancy if they in the future want to father a child and another 15% are at risk of the need of fertility treatment. Thus, reduced semen quality seems so frequent that it may impair the fertility rates and further increase the demand for assisted reproduction.
20世纪期间精液质量可能下降这一情况引发了广泛关注和争议，人们担心精液质量可能已降至临界低水平，进而影响人类生殖。因此，作者开展了一项研究，以评估普通人群中男性的生殖健康状况，并监测精液质量随时间的变化。
对丹麦普通人群中的男性进行横断面研究。纳入标准为居住在哥本哈根地区，且男性本人及其母亲均在丹麦出生并长大。排除患有严重或慢性疾病的男性。
丹麦单中心研究。
1996年至2010年纳入4867名男性，中位年龄19岁。
精液量、精子浓度、精子总数、精子活力和精子形态。
只有23%的参与者精子浓度和精子形态达到最佳。与20世纪40年代在哥本哈根一家不孕不育诊所就诊的男性以及近期成为父亲的男性的历史数据相比，这两组的精液质量明显优于我们来自普通人群的研究组。在这15年中，精子浓度中位数从4300万/毫升增至4800万/毫升（p = 0.02），精子总数从1.32亿增至1.51亿（p = 0.001）。活动精子和异常精子的中位数百分比分别为68%和93%，在研究期间未发生变化。
这项针对普通人群年轻男性精液质量的大型前瞻性研究显示，精子浓度和精子总数呈上升趋势。然而，只有四分之一的男性精液质量最佳。此外，如果他们未来想要孩子，四分之一的男性很可能面临较长的受孕等待时间，另有15%的男性有接受生育治疗的风险。因此，精液质量下降似乎很常见，可能会影响生育率，并进一步增加辅助生殖的需求。
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