美国在肺炎球菌结合疫苗时代的小儿侵袭性肺炎球菌病。
Pediatric invasive pneumococcal disease in the United States in the era of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines.
机构信息
Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
出版信息
Clin Microbiol Rev. 2012 Jul;25(3):409-19. doi: 10.1128/CMR.00018-12.
Invasive infections caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae continue to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, especially in children under 5 years of age. In the United States, 90% of invasive pneumococcal infections in children are caused by 13 serotypes of S. pneumoniae. The licensure (in 2000) and subsequent widespread use of a heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) have had a significant impact on decreasing the incidence of serious invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in all age groups, especially in children under 2 years of age. However, the emergence of replacement non-PCV7 serotypes, especially serotype 19A, has resulted in an increase in the incidence of serious and invasive infections. In 2010, a 13-valent PCV was licensed in the United States. However, the impact that this vaccine will have on IPD remains to be seen. The objectives of this review are to discuss the epidemiology of serious and invasive pneumococcal infections in the United States in the PCV era and to review some of the pneumococcal vaccines that are in development.
肺炎链球菌引起的侵袭性感染仍然是全球发病率和死亡率的主要原因，尤其是在 5 岁以下儿童中。在美国，90%的儿童侵袭性肺炎球菌感染由 13 种血清型肺炎链球菌引起。七价肺炎球菌结合疫苗（PCV7）的许可（2000 年）和随后的广泛使用对降低所有年龄段严重侵袭性肺炎球菌病（IPD）的发病率产生了重大影响，尤其是在 2 岁以下儿童中。然而，替代非 PCV7 血清型的出现，特别是血清型 19A，导致严重和侵袭性感染的发病率增加。2010 年，一种 13 价 PCV 在美国获得许可。然而，这种疫苗对 IPD 的影响仍有待观察。本综述的目的是讨论 PCV 时代美国严重和侵袭性肺炎球菌感染的流行病学，并回顾一些正在开发中的肺炎球菌疫苗。
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