Connor Ellen Lancon
University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
Adolesc Med State Art Rev. 2012 Apr;23(1):164-77, xii.
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) can be identified in the adolescent years but is a process with genetic and epigenetic origins. Intrauterine growth retardation and premature adrenarche may precede the presentation of hyperandrogenism and oligo/anovulation. Other causes of hyperandrogenism and ovulatory dysfunction must be ruled out before PCOS is diagnosed. Obesity and insulin resistance often are associated features and greatly increase a girl's risk of developing metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Oral contraceptives, metformin, antiandrogens, and lifestyle modifications can have roles in alleviating the symptoms of PCOS and are reviewed in this article.
多囊卵巢综合征（PCOS）在青春期即可被识别，但其发病过程具有遗传和表观遗传根源。子宫内生长受限和肾上腺早现可能先于高雄激素血症和少排卵/无排卵出现。在诊断PCOS之前，必须排除其他导致高雄激素血症和排卵功能障碍的原因。肥胖和胰岛素抵抗通常是相关特征，会大大增加女孩患代谢综合征和2型糖尿病的风险。口服避孕药、二甲双胍、抗雄激素药物以及生活方式的改变在缓解PCOS症状方面均可发挥作用，本文将对此进行综述。
